<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; ">Responding, generally, to this discussion of de-emphasis:<DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>In looking for a print analog the only common cases I can think of for de-emphasized text are notes (footnotes, endnotes, etc.) and parenthetical text. HTML 5 already has elements for asides & notes. As for parentheses, if the typical web author wants to insert parenthetical text and is writing in a language that uses parentheses, he/she will use parentheses. They're obvious, they're available from the keyboard. If one marked a piece of text as parenthetical using an HTML element, one would quite likely want it to be styled inside parentheses, and we all know how inconsistent CSS-generated content is. Few authors use the <q> tag, for the same reasons.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>And I once had an English teacher tell me that if it had to be stuck in parentheses, it probably wasn't worth saying at all -- which seems to me to apply to some of the use cases mentioned in this discussion.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><DIV>I don't know that parentheses have been mentioned in the discussion to this point. The visual styles that have been proposed for de-emphasized text are reduced font size and reduced opacity (sorry if I've missed something). A few people have pointed out that these will actually make text *more* visually obvious, so I made a test page to see:</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><A href="http://alpha.learnnc.org/~dwalbert/misc/demtest.htm">http://alpha.learnnc.org/~dwalbert/misc/demtest.htm</A></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>There are three pieces of de-emphasized text here: one with font-size: 80%, one with opacity: 0.8, and one with opacity: 0.6. I know where the de-emphasized text is, so it's easy for me to find, but the small-print and 60% opacity examples tend to draw my eye -- the styling gives visual emphasis, in other words. The 80% opacity example is so subtle that I might miss it or assume it was some kind of browser/monitor error. (Were I not using my fancy Cinema Display I probably would overlook it.) </DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Obviously this isn't a test of all the possibilities for visual styling, but it seems to me that any visual style that clearly marks a piece of text is going to make it stand out and, therefore, give it visual emphasis. I would assume, as a reader, that the small text was meant to be de-emphasized -- logically de-emphasized -- because I'd understand the convention the author used, but the mere act of noticing that and having to process it visually and logically will cause me to pay *more* attention to it than to the surrounding text. The 60% opacity text similarly draws my eye, but I would never assume that the author thought it less important than the surrounding text; I'd assume it was a visited link or else some kind of badly designed highlight.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>I'd propose, then, that inline visual de-emphasis may be impossible. (I'd suspect the same for audio de-emphasis -- would the smart screen reader whisper it? Wouldn't that, too, draw attention?) I could certainly be wrong, but I'd like to see a live example. If it isn't possible to functionally de-emphasize inline text, then having an element for it is a purely philosophical exercise and wouldn't have practical value.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><BR><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV>_____</DIV><DIV>David Walbert</DIV><DIV>LEARN NC, UNC-Chapel Hill</DIV><DIV><A href="mailto:dwalbert@learnnc.org">dwalbert@learnnc.org</A></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>