[html5] r8826 - [e] (0) add the brief toc back Affected topics: HTML
whatwg at whatwg.org
whatwg at whatwg.org
Tue Sep 30 16:47:33 PDT 2014
Author: ianh
Date: 2014-09-30 16:47:29 -0700 (Tue, 30 Sep 2014)
New Revision: 8826
Modified:
complete.html
index
source
Log:
[e] (0) add the brief toc back
Affected topics: HTML
Modified: complete.html
===================================================================
--- complete.html 2014-09-29 21:18:41 UTC (rev 8825)
+++ complete.html 2014-09-30 23:47:29 UTC (rev 8826)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
</style><link rel=stylesheet href=status.css><body onload=init()>
<header id=head class="head with-buttons">
<p><a href=https://whatwg.org/ class=logo><img src=//whatwg.org/images/logo width=101 alt=WHATWG height=101></a></p>
- <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1><h2 id=living-standard-—-last-updated-[date:-01-jan-1901] class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard — Last Updated <span class=pubdate>29 September 2014</span></h2></hgroup>
+ <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1><h2 id=living-standard-—-last-updated-[date:-01-jan-1901] class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard — Last Updated <span class=pubdate>30 September 2014</span></h2></hgroup>
<nav>
<div>
@@ -321,15 +321,18 @@
<div id=configUI></div>
- <h2 id=contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2>
- <ol class=toc><li><a href=#introduction>1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#abstract>1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a><li><a href=#is-this-html5?>1.2 Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=#background>1.3 Background</a><li><a href=#audience>1.4 Audience</a><li><a href=#scope>1.5 Scope</a><li><a href=#history-2>1.6 History</a><li><a href=#design-notes>1.7 Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=#serialisability-of-script-execution>1.7.1 Serialisability of script execution</a><li><a href=#compliance-with-other-specifications>1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a><li><a href=#extensibility>1.7.3 Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=#html-vs-xhtml>1.8 HTML vs XHTML</a><li><a href=#structure-of-this-specification>1.9 Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=#how-to-read-this-specification>1.9.1 How to read this specification</a><li><a href=#typographic-conventions>1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=#fingerprint>1.10 Privacy concerns</a><ol><li><a href=#fing
erprint-postMessage>1.10.1 Cross-site communication</a></ol><li><a href=#a-quick-introduction-to-html>1.11 A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-secure-applications-with-html>1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis>1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers>1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements-for-authors>1.12 Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=#presentational-markup>1.12.1 Presentational markup</a><li><a href=#syntax-errors>1.12.2 Syntax errors</a><li><a href=#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values>1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=#suggested-reading>1.13 Suggested reading</a></ol><li><a href=#in
frastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology>2.1 Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=#resources>2.1.1 Resources</a><li><a href=#xml>2.1.2 XML</a><li><a href=#dom-trees>2.1.3 DOM trees</a><li><a href=#scripting-2>2.1.4 Scripting</a><li><a href=#plugins>2.1.5 Plugins</a><li><a href=#encoding-terminology>2.1.6 Character encodings</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements>2.2 Conformance requirements</a><ol><li><a href=#conformance-classes>2.2.1 Conformance classes</a><li><a href=#dependencies>2.2.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#extensibility-2>2.2.3 Extensibility</a><li><a href=#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt>2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison>2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a><li><a href=#common-microsyntaxes>2.4 Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=#common-parser-idioms>2.4.1 Common parser idioms</a><li><a href=#boolean-attributes>2.4.2 Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=#key
words-and-enumerated-attributes>2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=#numbers>2.4.4 Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=#signed-integers>2.4.4.1 Signed integers</a><li><a href=#non-negative-integers>2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=#floating-point-numbers>2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=#percentages-and-dimensions>2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=#lists-of-integers>2.4.4.5 Lists of integers</a><li><a href=#lists-of-dimensions>2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions</a></ol><li><a href=#dates-and-times>2.4.5 Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=#months>2.4.5.1 Months</a><li><a href=#dates>2.4.5.2 Dates</a><li><a href=#yearless-dates>2.4.5.3 Yearless dates</a><li><a href=#times>2.4.5.4 Times</a><li><a href=#local-dates-and-times>2.4.5.5 Local dates and times</a><li><a href=#time-zones>2.4.5.6 Time zones</a><li><a href=#global-dates-and-times>2.4.5.7 Global dates and times</a><li><a href=#weeks>2.4.5.8 Weeks</a><li><a href=#durations>2.4.5.9
Durations</a><li><a href=#vaguer-moments-in-time>2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=#colours>2.4.6 Colours</a><li><a href=#space-separated-tokens>2.4.7 Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#comma-separated-tokens>2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#syntax-references>2.4.9 References</a><li><a href=#mq>2.4.10 Media queries</a></ol><li><a href=#urls>2.5 URLs</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-2>2.5.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#resolving-urls>2.5.2 Resolving URLs</a><li><a href=#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls>2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol><li><a href=#fetching-resources>2.6 Fetching resources</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-3>2.6.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#processing-model>2.6.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns>2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a><li><a href=#content-type-sniffing>2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource</a><li><a href=#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-
elements>2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a><li><a href=#cors-settings-attributes>2.6.6 CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=#cors-enabled-fetch>2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch</a></ol><li><a href=#common-dom-interfaces>2.7 Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes>2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=#collections-2>2.7.2 Collections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-htmlallcollection-interface>2.7.2.1 The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface>2.7.2.2 The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmloptionscollection-interface>2.7.2.3 The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlpropertiescollection-interface>2.7.2.4 The <code>HTMLPropertiesCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-domstringmap-interface>2.7.3 The <code>DOMStringMap</code> interfac
e</a><li><a href=#domelementmap>2.7.4 DOMElementMap</a><li><a href=#transferable-objects>2.7.5 Transferable objects</a><li><a href=#safe-passing-of-structured-data>2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data</a><li><a href=#callbacks>2.7.7 Callbacks</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection>2.7.8 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#namespaces>2.8 Namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#documents>3.1 Documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-document-object>3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=#resource-metadata-management>3.1.2 Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=#dom-tree-accessors>3.1.3 DOM tree accessors</a><li><a href=#loading-xml-documents>3.1.4 Loading XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#elements>3.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#semantics-2>3.2.1 Semantics</a><li><a href=#elements-in-the-dom>3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=#element-definitions>3.2.3 Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href
=#attributes>3.2.3.1 Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#content-models>3.2.4 Content models</a><ol><li><a href=#the-nothing-content-model>3.2.4.1 The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=#kinds-of-content>3.2.4.2 Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=#metadata-content>3.2.4.2.1 Metadata content</a><li><a href=#flow-content>3.2.4.2.2 Flow content</a><li><a href=#sectioning-content>3.2.4.2.3 Sectioning content</a><li><a href=#heading-content>3.2.4.2.4 Heading content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content>3.2.4.2.5 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#embedded-content-2>3.2.4.2.6 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#interactive-content>3.2.4.2.7 Interactive content</a><li><a href=#palpable-content>3.2.4.2.8 Palpable content</a><li><a href=#script-supporting-elements>3.2.4.2.9 Script-supporting elements</a></ol><li><a href=#transparent-content-models>3.2.4.3 Transparent content models</a><li><a href=#paragraphs>3.2.4.4 Paragraphs</a></ol><li><a href=#global-attributes>3.2.5 Global attributes</a
><ol><li><a href=#the-id-attribute>3.2.5.1 The <code>id</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute>3.2.5.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes>3.2.5.3 The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-translate-attribute>3.2.5.4 The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>3.2.5.5 The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a><li><a href=#the-dir-attribute>3.2.5.6 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#classes>3.2.5.7 The <code>class</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-style-attribute>3.2.5.8 The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes>3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm>3.2.6 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a><ol><li><a href=#author
ing-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters>3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a><li><a href=#user-agent-conformance-criteria>3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></ol><li><a href=#wai-aria>3.2.7 WAI-ARIA</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#the-root-element>4.1 The root element</a><ol><li><a href=#the-html-element>4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#document-metadata>4.2 Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-head-element>4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-title-element>4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-base-element>4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-link-element>4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meta-element>4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#standard-metadata-names>4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a><li><a href
=#other-metadata-names>4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a><li><a href=#pragma-directives>4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a><li><a href=#other-pragma-directives>4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives</a><li><a href=#charset>4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=#the-style-element>4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href=#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting>4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol><li><a href=#sections>4.3 Sections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-body-element>4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-article-element>4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-section-element>4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-nav-element>4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-aside-element>4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>4.3.6 The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>,
and
+ <h2 id=table-of-contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2>
+ <ol class="brief toc"><li><a href=#toc-introduction>1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#toc-infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><li><a href=#toc-dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><li><a href=#toc-semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><li><a href=#toc-microdata>5 Microdata</a><li><a href=#toc-editing>6 User interaction</a><li><a href=#toc-browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><li><a href=#toc-webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><li><a href=#toc-comms>9 Communication</a><li><a href=#toc-workers>10 Web workers</a><li><a href=#toc-webstorage>11 Web storage</a><li><a href=#toc-syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-rendering>14 Rendering</a><li><a href=#toc-obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><li><a href=#toc-iana>16 IANA considerations</a><li><a href=#toc-index>Index</a><li><a href=#toc-references>References</a><li><a href=#toc-acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
+
+ <h2 id=contents class="no-num no-toc">Full table of contents</h2>
+ <ol class=toc><li id=toc-introduction><a href=#introduction>1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#abstract>1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a><li><a href=#is-this-html5?>1.2 Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=#background>1.3 Background</a><li><a href=#audience>1.4 Audience</a><li><a href=#scope>1.5 Scope</a><li><a href=#history-2>1.6 History</a><li><a href=#design-notes>1.7 Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=#serialisability-of-script-execution>1.7.1 Serialisability of script execution</a><li><a href=#compliance-with-other-specifications>1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a><li><a href=#extensibility>1.7.3 Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=#html-vs-xhtml>1.8 HTML vs XHTML</a><li><a href=#structure-of-this-specification>1.9 Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=#how-to-read-this-specification>1.9.1 How to read this specification</a><li><a href=#typographic-conventions>1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=#fingerprint>1.10 Privacy concerns</a><
ol><li><a href=#fingerprint-postMessage>1.10.1 Cross-site communication</a></ol><li><a href=#a-quick-introduction-to-html>1.11 A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-secure-applications-with-html>1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis>1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers>1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements-for-authors>1.12 Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=#presentational-markup>1.12.1 Presentational markup</a><li><a href=#syntax-errors>1.12.2 Syntax errors</a><li><a href=#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values>1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=#suggested-reading>1.13 Suggested reading</a>
</ol><li id=toc-infrastructure><a href=#infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology>2.1 Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=#resources>2.1.1 Resources</a><li><a href=#xml>2.1.2 XML</a><li><a href=#dom-trees>2.1.3 DOM trees</a><li><a href=#scripting-2>2.1.4 Scripting</a><li><a href=#plugins>2.1.5 Plugins</a><li><a href=#encoding-terminology>2.1.6 Character encodings</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements>2.2 Conformance requirements</a><ol><li><a href=#conformance-classes>2.2.1 Conformance classes</a><li><a href=#dependencies>2.2.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#extensibility-2>2.2.3 Extensibility</a><li><a href=#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt>2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison>2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a><li><a href=#common-microsyntaxes>2.4 Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=#common-parser-idioms>2.4.1 Common parser idioms</a><li><a href=#boolean-attributes>2.
4.2 Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes>2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=#numbers>2.4.4 Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=#signed-integers>2.4.4.1 Signed integers</a><li><a href=#non-negative-integers>2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=#floating-point-numbers>2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=#percentages-and-dimensions>2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=#lists-of-integers>2.4.4.5 Lists of integers</a><li><a href=#lists-of-dimensions>2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions</a></ol><li><a href=#dates-and-times>2.4.5 Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=#months>2.4.5.1 Months</a><li><a href=#dates>2.4.5.2 Dates</a><li><a href=#yearless-dates>2.4.5.3 Yearless dates</a><li><a href=#times>2.4.5.4 Times</a><li><a href=#local-dates-and-times>2.4.5.5 Local dates and times</a><li><a href=#time-zones>2.4.5.6 Time zones</a><li><a href=#global-dates-and-times>2.4.5.7 Global dates and times</a><li><a href=#weeks>2.4.5.
8 Weeks</a><li><a href=#durations>2.4.5.9 Durations</a><li><a href=#vaguer-moments-in-time>2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=#colours>2.4.6 Colours</a><li><a href=#space-separated-tokens>2.4.7 Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#comma-separated-tokens>2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#syntax-references>2.4.9 References</a><li><a href=#mq>2.4.10 Media queries</a></ol><li><a href=#urls>2.5 URLs</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-2>2.5.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#resolving-urls>2.5.2 Resolving URLs</a><li><a href=#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls>2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol><li><a href=#fetching-resources>2.6 Fetching resources</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-3>2.6.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#processing-model>2.6.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns>2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a><li><a href=#content-type-sniffing>2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource</a><li><a href=
#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements>2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a><li><a href=#cors-settings-attributes>2.6.6 CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=#cors-enabled-fetch>2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch</a></ol><li><a href=#common-dom-interfaces>2.7 Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes>2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=#collections-2>2.7.2 Collections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-htmlallcollection-interface>2.7.2.1 The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface>2.7.2.2 The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmloptionscollection-interface>2.7.2.3 The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlpropertiescollection-interface>2.7.2.4 The <code>HTMLPropertiesCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-domstringmap-interface>2.
7.3 The <code>DOMStringMap</code> interface</a><li><a href=#domelementmap>2.7.4 DOMElementMap</a><li><a href=#transferable-objects>2.7.5 Transferable objects</a><li><a href=#safe-passing-of-structured-data>2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data</a><li><a href=#callbacks>2.7.7 Callbacks</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection>2.7.8 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#namespaces>2.8 Namespaces</a></ol><li id=toc-dom><a href=#dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#documents>3.1 Documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-document-object>3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=#resource-metadata-management>3.1.2 Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=#dom-tree-accessors>3.1.3 DOM tree accessors</a><li><a href=#loading-xml-documents>3.1.4 Loading XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#elements>3.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#semantics-2>3.2.1 Semantics</a><li><a href=#elements-in-the-dom>3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=#element-def
initions>3.2.3 Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href=#attributes>3.2.3.1 Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#content-models>3.2.4 Content models</a><ol><li><a href=#the-nothing-content-model>3.2.4.1 The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=#kinds-of-content>3.2.4.2 Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=#metadata-content>3.2.4.2.1 Metadata content</a><li><a href=#flow-content>3.2.4.2.2 Flow content</a><li><a href=#sectioning-content>3.2.4.2.3 Sectioning content</a><li><a href=#heading-content>3.2.4.2.4 Heading content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content>3.2.4.2.5 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#embedded-content-2>3.2.4.2.6 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#interactive-content>3.2.4.2.7 Interactive content</a><li><a href=#palpable-content>3.2.4.2.8 Palpable content</a><li><a href=#script-supporting-elements>3.2.4.2.9 Script-supporting elements</a></ol><li><a href=#transparent-content-models>3.2.4.3 Transparent content models</a><li><a href=#paragraphs>3.2.4.4 Paragraphs</a></ol><li>
<a href=#global-attributes>3.2.5 Global attributes</a><ol><li><a href=#the-id-attribute>3.2.5.1 The <code>id</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute>3.2.5.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes>3.2.5.3 The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-translate-attribute>3.2.5.4 The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>3.2.5.5 The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a><li><a href=#the-dir-attribute>3.2.5.6 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#classes>3.2.5.7 The <code>class</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-style-attribute>3.2.5.8 The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes>3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm>3.2.6 Requirements relating to t
he bidirectional algorithm</a><ol><li><a href=#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters>3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a><li><a href=#user-agent-conformance-criteria>3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></ol><li><a href=#wai-aria>3.2.7 WAI-ARIA</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-semantics><a href=#semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#the-root-element>4.1 The root element</a><ol><li><a href=#the-html-element>4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#document-metadata>4.2 Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-head-element>4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-title-element>4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-base-element>4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-link-element>4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meta-element>4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#
standard-metadata-names>4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a><li><a href=#other-metadata-names>4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a><li><a href=#pragma-directives>4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a><li><a href=#other-pragma-directives>4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives</a><li><a href=#charset>4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=#the-style-element>4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href=#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting>4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol><li><a href=#sections>4.3 Sections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-body-element>4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-article-element>4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-section-element>4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-nav-element>4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-aside-element>4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>4.3.6 The <code>h1</code
>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and
<code>h6</code> elements</a><li><a href=#the-hgroup-element>4.3.7 The <code>hgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-header-element>4.3.8 The <code>header</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-footer-element>4.3.9 The <code>footer</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-address-element>4.3.10 The <code>address</code> element</a><li><a href=#headings-and-sections>4.3.11 Headings and sections</a><ol><li><a href=#outlines>4.3.11.1 Creating an outline</a><li><a href=#sample-outlines>4.3.11.2 Sample outlines</a><li><a href=#exposing-outlines-to-users>4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users</a></ol><li><a href=#usage-summary-2>4.3.12 Usage summary</a><ol><li><a href=#article-or-section>4.3.12.1 Article or section?</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#grouping-content>4.4 Grouping content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-p-element>4.4.1 The <code>p</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element>4.4.2 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-pre-element>4.4.3 The <code>pre</code> element</a><li><a href=#t
he-blockquote-element>4.4.4 The <code>blockquote</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ol-element>4.4.5 The <code>ol</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ul-element>4.4.6 The <code>ul</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-li-element>4.4.7 The <code>li</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dl-element>4.4.8 The <code>dl</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dt-element>4.4.9 The <code>dt</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dd-element>4.4.10 The <code>dd</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-figure-element>4.4.11 The <code>figure</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-figcaption-element>4.4.12 The <code>figcaption</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-main-element>4.4.13 The <code>main</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-div-element>4.4.14 The <code>div</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#text-level-semantics>4.5 Text-level semantics</a><ol><li><a href=#the-a-element>4.5.1 The <code>a</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-em-element>4.5.2 The <code>em</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-strong-element>4.5.3
The <code>strong</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-small-element>4.5.4 The <code>small</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-s-element>4.5.5 The <code>s</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-cite-element>4.5.6 The <code>cite</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-q-element>4.5.7 The <code>q</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dfn-element>4.5.8 The <code>dfn</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-abbr-element>4.5.9 The <code>abbr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ruby-element>4.5.10 The <code>ruby</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-rt-element>4.5.11 The <code>rt</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-rp-element>4.5.12 The <code>rp</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-data-element>4.5.13 The <code>data</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-time-element>4.5.14 The <code>time</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-code-element>4.5.15 The <code>code</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-var-element>4.5.16 The <code>var</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-samp-element>4.5.17 The <code>samp</code> element</a><l
i><a href=#the-kbd-element>4.5.18 The <code>kbd</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>4.5.19 The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a><li><a href=#the-i-element>4.5.20 The <code>i</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-b-element>4.5.21 The <code>b</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-u-element>4.5.22 The <code>u</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-mark-element>4.5.23 The <code>mark</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-bdi-element>4.5.24 The <code>bdi</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-bdo-element>4.5.25 The <code>bdo</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-span-element>4.5.26 The <code>span</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-br-element>4.5.27 The <code>br</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-wbr-element>4.5.28 The <code>wbr</code> element</a><li><a href=#usage-summary>4.5.29 Usage summary</a></ol><li><a href=#links>4.6 Links</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-2>4.6.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements>4.6.2 Links created by <code>a
</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=#following-hyperlinks>4.6.3 Following hyperlinks</a><li><a href=#downloading-resources>4.6.4 Downloading resources</a><ol><li><a href=#hyperlink-auditing>4.6.4.1 Hyperlink auditing</a></ol><li><a href=#linkTypes>4.6.5 Link types</a><ol><li><a href=#rel-alternate>4.6.5.1 Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-author>4.6.5.2 Link type "<code>author</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-bookmark>4.6.5.3 Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-external>4.6.5.4 Link type "<code>external</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-help>4.6.5.5 Link type "<code>help</code>"</a><li><a href=#rel-icon>4.6.5.6 Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-license>4.6.5.7 Link type "<code>license</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-nofollow>4.6.5.8 Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>4.6.5.9 Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-pingback>4.
6.5.10 Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-prefetch>4.6.5.11 Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-search>4.6.5.12 Link type "<code>search</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-sidebar>4.6.5.13 Link type "<code>sidebar</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>4.6.5.14 Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-tag>4.6.5.15 Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a><li><a href=#sequential-link-types>4.6.5.16 Sequential link types</a><ol><li><a href=#link-type-next>4.6.5.16.1 Link type "<code>next</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-prev>4.6.5.16.2 Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ol><li><a href=#other-link-types>4.6.5.17 Other link types</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#edits>4.7 Edits</a><ol><li><a href=#the-ins-element>4.7.1 The <code>ins</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-del-element>4.7.2 The <code>del</code> element</a><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements>4.7.3 Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <co
de>del</code> elements</a><li><a href=#edits-and-paragraphs>4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs</a><li><a href=#edits-and-lists>4.7.5 Edits and lists</a><li><a href=#edits-and-tables>4.7.6 Edits and tables</a></ol><li><a href=#embedded-content>4.8 Embedded content</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-3>4.8.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#adaptive-images>4.8.1.1 Adaptive images</a></ol><li><a href=#dependencies-2>4.8.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#the-picture-element>4.8.3 The <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-source-element-when-used-with-the-picture-element>4.8.4 The <code>source</code> element when used with the <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-img-element>4.8.5 The <code>img</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#alt>4.8.5.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a><ol><li><a href=#general-guidelines>4.8.5.1.1 General guidelines</a><li><a href=#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image>4.8.5.1.2 A link or button conta
ining nothing but the image</a><li><a href=#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations>4.8.5.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a><li><a href=#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos>4.8.5.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a><li><a href=#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect>4.8.5.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a><li><a href=#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text>4.8.5.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a><li><a href=#ancillary-images>4.8.5.1.7 Ancillary images</a><li><a href="#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information">4.8.5.1.8 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a><li>
<a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links>4.8.5.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a><li><a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links>4.8.5.1.10 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a><li><a href=#a-key-part-of-the-content>4.8.5.1.11 A key part of the content</a><li><a href=#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user>4.8.5.1.12 An image not intended for the user</a><li><a href=#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images>4.8.5.1.13 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a><li><a href=#guidance-for-markup-generators>4.8.5.1.14 Guidance for markup generators</a><li><a href=#guidance-for-conformance-checkers>4.8.5.1.15 Guidance for conformance checkers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#the-iframe-element>4.8.6 The <code>iframe</code>
element</a><li><a href=#the-embed-element>4.8.7 The <code>embed</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-object-element>4.8.8 The <code>object</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-param-element>4.8.9 The <code>param</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-video-element>4.8.10 The <code>video</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-audio-element>4.8.11 The <code>audio</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-source-element>4.8.12 The <code>source</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-track-element>4.8.13 The <code>track</code> element</a><li><a href=#media-elements>4.8.14 Media elements</a><ol><li><a href=#error-codes>4.8.14.1 Error codes</a><li><a href=#location-of-the-media-resource>4.8.14.2 Location of the media resource</a><li><a href=#mime-types>4.8.14.3 MIME types</a><li><a href=#network-states>4.8.14.4 Network states</a><li><a href=#loading-the-media-resource>4.8.14.5 Loading the media resource</a><li><a href=#offsets-into-the-media-resource>4.8.14.6 Offsets into the media resource</a><li><a hr
ef=#ready-states>4.8.14.7 Ready states</a><li><a href=#playing-the-media-resource>4.8.14.8 Playing the media resource</a><li><a href=#seeking>4.8.14.9 Seeking</a><li><a href=#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks>4.8.14.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks</a><ol><li><a href=#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects>4.8.14.10.1 <code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a><li><a href=#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively>4.8.14.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=#synchronising-multiple-media-elements>4.8.14.11 Synchronising multiple media elements</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-4>4.8.14.11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#media-controllers>4.8.14.11.2 Media controllers</a><li><a href=#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively>4.8.14.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=#timed-text-tracks>4.8.14.12 Timed text tracks</a><ol><li><a href=#text
-track-model>4.8.14.12.1 Text track model</a><li><a href=#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks</a><li><a href=#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a><li><a href=#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues>4.8.14.12.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues</a><li><a href=#text-track-api>4.8.14.12.5 Text track API</a><li><a href=#text-tracks-describing-chapters>4.8.14.12.6 Text tracks describing chapters</a><li><a href=#cue-events>4.8.14.12.7 Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.8 Best practices for metadata text tracks</a></ol><li><a href=#user-interface>4.8.14.13 User interface</a><li><a href=#time-ranges>4.8.14.14 Time ranges</a><li><a href=#the-trackevent-interface>4.8.14.15 The <code>TrackEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#mediaevents>4.8.14.16 Event summary</a><li
><a href=#security-and-privacy-considerations>4.8.14.17 Security and privacy considerations</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements>4.8.14.18 Best practices for authors using media elements</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements>4.8.14.19 Best practices for implementors of media elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-map-element>4.8.15 The <code>map</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-area-element>4.8.16 The <code>area</code> element</a><li><a href=#image-maps>4.8.17 Image maps</a><ol><li><a href=#authoring>4.8.17.1 Authoring</a><li><a href=#processing-model-2>4.8.17.2 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#mathml>4.8.18 MathML</a><li><a href=#svg>4.8.19 SVG</a><li><a href=#dimension-attributes>4.8.20 Dimension attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#tables>4.9 Tabular data</a><ol><li><a href=#the-table-element>4.9.1 The <code>table</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#table-descriptions-techniques>4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables</a
><li><a href=#table-layout-techniques>4.9.1.2 Techniques for table design</a></ol><li><a href=#the-caption-element>4.9.2 The <code>caption</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-colgroup-element>4.9.3 The <code>colgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-col-element>4.9.4 The <code>col</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tbody-element>4.9.5 The <code>tbody</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-thead-element>4.9.6 The <code>thead</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tfoot-element>4.9.7 The <code>tfoot</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tr-element>4.9.8 The <code>tr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-td-element>4.9.9 The <code>td</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-th-element>4.9.10 The <code>th</code> element</a><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements>4.9.11 Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a><li><a href=#processing-model-3>4.9.12 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#forming-a-table>4.9.12.1 Forming a table</a><li><a href=#header-and-data-c
ell-semantics>4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></ol><li><a href=#table-sorting-model>4.9.13 Table sorting model</a><li><a href=#table-examples>4.9.14 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#forms>4.10 Forms</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-5>4.10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="#writing-a-form's-user-interface">4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface</a><li><a href=#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form>4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a><li><a href=#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server>4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a><li><a href=#client-side-form-validation>4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation</a><li><a href=#enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls>4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</a><li><a href=#improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices>4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices</a><li><a href=#th
e-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality>4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</a><li><a href=#input-author-notes>4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats</a></ol><li><a href=#categories>4.10.2 Categories</a><li><a href=#the-form-element>4.10.3 The <code>form</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-label-element>4.10.4 The <code>label</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element>4.10.5 The <code>input</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#states-of-the-type-attribute>4.10.5.1 States of the <code>type</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)">4.10.5.1.1 Hidden state (<code>type=hidden</code>)</a><li><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">4.10.5.1.2 Text (<code>type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code>type=search</code>)</a><li><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)">4.10.5.1.3 Telephone state (<code>type=tel</code>)</a><li><a
href="#url-state-(type=url)">4.10.5.1.4 URL state (<code>type=url</code>)</a><li><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)">4.10.5.1.5 E-mail state (<code>type=email</code>)</a><li><a href="#password-state-(type=password)">4.10.5.1.6 Password state (<code>type=password</code>)</a><li><a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)">4.10.5.1.7 Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime</code>)</a><li><a href="#date-state-(type=date)">4.10.5.1.8 Date state (<code>type=date</code>)</a><li><a href="#month-state-(type=month)">4.10.5.1.9 Month state (<code>type=month</code>)</a><li><a href="#week-state-(type=week)">4.10.5.1.10 Week state (<code>type=week</code>)</a><li><a href="#time-state-(type=time)">4.10.5.1.11 Time state (<code>type=time</code>)</a><li><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">4.10.5.1.12 Local Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime-local</code>)</a><li><a href="#number-state-(type=number)">4.10.5.1.13 Number state (<code>type=number</code>)</a><li><a
href="#range-state-(type=range)">4.10.5.1.14 Range state (<code>type=range</code>)</a><li><a href="#colour-state-(type=color)">4.10.5.1.15 Colour state (<code>type=color</code>)</a><li><a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)">4.10.5.1.16 Checkbox state (<code>type=checkbox</code>)</a><li><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)">4.10.5.1.17 Radio Button state (<code>type=radio</code>)</a><li><a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)">4.10.5.1.18 File Upload state (<code>type=file</code>)</a><li><a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)">4.10.5.1.19 Submit Button state (<code>type=submit</code>)</a><li><a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)">4.10.5.1.20 Image Button state (<code>type=image</code>)</a><li><a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)">4.10.5.1.21 Reset Button state (<code>type=reset</code>)</a><li><a href="#button-state-(type=button)">4.10.5.1.22 Button state (<code>type=button</code>)</a></ol><li><a href=#input-impl-notes>4.10.5.2 Implemention notes regardi
ng localization of form controls</a><li><a href=#common-input-element-attributes>4.10.5.3 Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a><ol><li><a href=#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes>4.10.5.3.1 The <code>maxlength</code> and <code>minlength</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-size-attribute>4.10.5.3.2 The <code>size</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-readonly-attribute>4.10.5.3.3 The <code>readonly</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-required-attribute>4.10.5.3.4 The <code>required</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-multiple-attribute>4.10.5.3.5 The <code>multiple</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-pattern-attribute>4.10.5.3.6 The <code>pattern</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-min-and-max-attributes>4.10.5.3.7 The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-step-attribute>4.10.5.3.8 The <code>step</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-list-attribute>4.10.5.3.9 The <code>list</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-placeholder-attr
ibute>4.10.5.3.10 The <code>placeholder</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=#common-input-element-apis>4.10.5.4 Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a><li><a href=#common-input-element-events>4.10.5.5 Common event behaviors</a></ol><li><a href=#the-button-element>4.10.6 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element>4.10.7 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-datalist-element>4.10.8 The <code>datalist</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-optgroup-element>4.10.9 The <code>optgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-option-element>4.10.10 The <code>option</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element>4.10.11 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element>4.10.12 The <code>keygen</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-output-element>4.10.13 The <code>output</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element>4.10.14 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element>4.10.15 The <code>meter</code> elem
ent</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-element>4.10.16 The <code>fieldset</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-legend-element>4.10.17 The <code>legend</code> element</a><li><a href=#form-control-infrastructure>4.10.18 Form control infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href="#a-form-control's-value">4.10.18.1 A form control's value</a><li><a href=#mutability>4.10.18.2 Mutability</a><li><a href=#association-of-controls-and-forms>4.10.18.3 Association of controls and forms</a></ol><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-form-controls>4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls</a><ol><li><a href=#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute>4.10.19.1 Naming form controls: the <code>name</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute>4.10.19.2 Submitting element directionality: the <code>dirname</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute>4.10.19.3 Limiting user input length: the <code>maxlength</code> attribute</a><li><a h
ref=#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute>4.10.19.4 Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code>minlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute>4.10.19.5 Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code>disabled</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#form-submission>4.10.19.6 Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=#autofocusing-a-form-control:-the-autofocus-attribute>4.10.19.6.1 Autofocusing a form control: the <code>autofocus</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=#input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute>4.10.19.7 Input modalities: the <code>inputmode</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#autofill>4.10.19.8 Autofill</a><ol><li><a href=#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute>4.10.19.8.1 Autofilling form controls: the <code>autocomplete</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-4>4.10.19.8.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#user-interface-for-bulk-autofill>4.10.19.8.3 User in
terface for bulk autofill</a><li><a href=#the-autocompleteerrorevent-interface>4.10.19.8.4 The <code>AutocompleteErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#textFieldSelection>4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections</a><li><a href=#constraints>4.10.21 Constraints</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions>4.10.21.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#constraint-validation>4.10.21.2 Constraint validation</a><li><a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API</a><li><a href=#security-forms>4.10.21.4 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#form-submission-2>4.10.22 Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-6>4.10.22.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#implicit-submission>4.10.22.2 Implicit submission</a><li><a href=#form-submission-algorithm>4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm</a><li><a href=#constructing-form-data-set>4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set</a><li><a href=#selecting-a-form-submission-encoding>4.10.22.5 Selecting a form submission encoding</a>
<li><a href=#url-encoded-form-data>4.10.22.6 URL-encoded form data</a><li><a href=#multipart-form-data>4.10.22.7 Multipart form data</a><li><a href=#plain-text-form-data>4.10.22.8 Plain text form data</a></ol><li><a href=#resetting-a-form>4.10.23 Resetting a form</a></ol><li><a href=#interactive-elements>4.11 Interactive elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-details-element>4.11.1 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-summary-element>4.11.2 The <code>summary</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-menu-element>4.11.3 The <code>menu</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-menuitem-element>4.11.4 The <code>menuitem</code> element</a><li><a href=#context-menus>4.11.5 Context menus</a><ol><li><a href=#declaring-a-context-menu>4.11.5.1 Declaring a context menu</a><li><a href=#processing-model-5>4.11.5.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#the-relatedevent-interfaces>4.11.5.3 The <code>RelatedEvent</code> interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#commands>4.11.6 Commands</a><ol><li><a href=#fa
cets-2>4.11.6.1 Facets</a><li><a href=#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.2 Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.3 Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.4 Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.5 Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-menuitem-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.6 Using the <code>menuitem</code> element to define a
command</a><li><a href=#using-the-command-attribute-on-menuitem-elements-to-define-a-command-indirectly>4.11.6.7 Using the <code>command</code> attribute on <code>menuitem</code> elements to define
a command indirectly</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-label-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.8 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute
on a <code>label</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.9 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute
on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements>4.11.6.10 Using the <code>accesskey</code>
- attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dialog-element>4.11.7 The <code>dialog</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#anchor-points>4.11.7.1 Anchor points</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#scripting-3>4.12 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#the-script-element>4.12.1 The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#scriptingLanguages>4.12.1.1 Scripting languages</a><li><a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts</a><li><a href=#scriptTagXSLT>4.12.1.4 Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#the-noscript-element>4.12.2 The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-template-element>4.12.3 The <code>template</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#template-XSLT-XPath>4.12.3.1 Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath
</a></ol><li><a href=#the-canvas-element>4.12.4 The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#proxying-canvases-to-workers>4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers</a><li><a href=#2dcontext>4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=#implementation-notes>4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes</a><li><a href=#the-canvas-state>4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state</a><li><a href=#drawingstyle-objects>4.12.4.2.3 <code>DrawingStyle</code> objects</a><li><a href=#line-styles>4.12.4.2.4 Line styles</a><li><a href=#text-styles>4.12.4.2.5 Text styles</a><li><a href=#building-paths>4.12.4.2.6 Building paths</a><li><a href=#path2d-objects>4.12.4.2.7 <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=#transformations>4.12.4.2.8 Transformations</a><li><a href=#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts>4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=#fill-and-stroke-styles>4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangl
es to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas>4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=#drawing-images>4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images</a><li><a href=#hit-regions>4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions</a><li><a href=#pixel-manipulation>4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=#compositing>4.12.4.2.17 Compositing</a><li><a href=#image-smoothing>4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing</a><li><a href=#shadows>4.12.4.2.19 Shadows</a><li><a href=#drawing-model>4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model</a><li><a href=#best-practices>4.12.4.2.21 Best practices</a><li><a href=#examples>4.12.4.2.22 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#colour-spaces-and-colour-correction>4.12.4.3 Colour spaces and colour correction</a><li><a href=#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file>4.12.4.4 Serialising bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=#security-with-canvas-elements>4.12.4.5 Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#com
mon-idioms>4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-main-part-of-the-content>4.13.1 The main part of the content</a><li><a href=#rel-up>4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation</a><li><a href=#tag-clouds>4.13.3 Tag clouds</a><li><a href=#conversations>4.13.4 Conversations</a><li><a href=#footnotes>4.13.5 Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=#disabled-elements>4.14 Disabled elements</a><li><a href=#selectors>4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors</a><ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity>4.15.1 Case-sensitivity</a><li><a href=#pseudo-classes>4.15.2 Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#microdata>5 Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-7>5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#overview>5.1.1 Overview</a><li><a href=#the-basic-syntax>5.1.2 The basic syntax</a><li><a href=#typed-items>5.1.3 Typed items</a><li><a href=#global-identifiers-for-items>5.1.4 Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies>5.1.5 Selecting names wh
en defining vocabularies</a><li><a href=#using-the-microdata-dom-api>5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API</a></ol><li><a href=#encoding-microdata>5.2 Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-microdata-model>5.2.1 The microdata model</a><li><a href=#items>5.2.2 Items</a><li><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>5.2.3 Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#values>5.2.4 Values</a><li><a href=#associating-names-with-items>5.2.5 Associating names with items</a><li><a href=#microdata-and-other-namespaces>5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#microdata-dom-api>5.3 Microdata DOM API</a><li><a href=#mdvocabs>5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=#vcard>5.4.1 vCard</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-vcard>5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=#examples-2>5.4.1.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#vevent>5.4.2 vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-icalendar>5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=#examples-3>5.4.2.2 Exampl
es</a></ol><li><a href=#licensing-works>5.4.3 Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-4>5.4.3.1 Examples</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#converting-html-to-other-formats>5.5 Converting HTML to other formats</a><ol><li><a href=#json>5.5.1 JSON</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#editing>6 User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>6.1 The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#inert-subtrees>6.2 Inert subtrees</a><li><a href=#activation>6.3 Activation</a><li><a href=#focus>6.4 Focus</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-8>6.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#data-model>6.4.2 Data model</a><li><a href=#the-tabindex-attribute>6.4.3 The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-6>6.4.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>6.4.5 Sequential focus navigation</a><li><a href=#focus-management-apis>6.4.6 Focus management APIs</a></ol><li><a href=#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts>6.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a><ol><li><a href=#introdu
ction-9>6.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>6.5.2 The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-7>6.5.3 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#editing-2>6.6 Editing</a><ol><li><a href=#contenteditable>6.6.1 Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute>6.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The <code>designMode</code> IDL attribute</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-in-page-editors>6.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=#editing-apis>6.6.4 Editing APIs</a><li><a href=#spelling-and-grammar-checking>6.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking</a></ol><li><a href=#dnd>6.7 Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-10>6.7.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-drag-data-store>6.7.2 The drag data store</a><li><a href=#the-datatransfer-interface>6.7.3 The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=
#the-datatransferitemlist-interface>6.7.3.1 The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-datatransferitem-interface>6.7.3.2 The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dragevent-interface>6.7.4 The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#drag-and-drop-processing-model>6.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model</a><li><a href=#dndevents>6.7.6 Events summary</a><li><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>6.7.7 The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>6.7.8 The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model>6.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><ol><li><a href=#windows>7.1 Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#nested-browsing-contexts>7.1.1 Nested browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></o
l><li><a href=#auxiliary-browsing-contexts>7.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#secondary-browsing-contexts>7.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#security-nav>7.1.4 Security</a><li><a href=#groupings-of-browsing-contexts>7.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browsing-context-names>7.1.6 Browsing context names</a></ol><li><a href=#the-window-object>7.2 The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#security-window>7.2.1 Security</a><li><a href=#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name>7.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a><li><a href=#accessing-other-browsing-contexts>7.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#named-access-on-the-window-object>7.2.4 Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-and-browsing
-contexts>7.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#closing-browsing-contexts>7.2.6 Closing browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browser-interface-elements>7.2.7 Browser interface elements</a><li><a href=#the-windowproxy-object>7.2.8 The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ol><li><a href=#origin>7.3 Origin</a><ol><li><a href=#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction>7.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=#sandboxing>7.4 Sandboxing</a><li><a href=#history>7.5 Session history and navigation</a><ol><li><a href=#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts>7.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#the-history-interface>7.5.2 The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-location-interface>7.5.3 The <code>Location</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#security-location>7.5.3.1 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#history-notes>7.5.4 Implementation notes for session history</a></ol><li><a href=#browsing-the-web>7.6 Browsing
the Web</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-across-documents>7.6.1 Navigating across documents</a><li><a href=#read-html>7.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files</a><li><a href=#read-xml>7.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files</a><li><a href=#read-text>7.6.4 Page load processing model for text files</a><li><a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace>7.6.5 Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a><li><a href=#read-media>7.6.6 Page load processing model for media</a><li><a href=#read-plugin>7.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a><li><a href=#read-ua-inline>7.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
- content that doesn't have a DOM</a><li><a href=#scroll-to-fragid>7.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier</a><li><a href=#history-traversal>7.6.10 History traversal</a><ol><li><a href=#the-popstateevent-interface>7.6.10.1 The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-hashchangeevent-interface>7.6.10.2 The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-pagetransitionevent-interface>7.6.10.3 The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#unloading-documents>7.6.11 Unloading documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-beforeunloadevent-interface>7.6.11.1 The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#aborting-a-document-load>7.6.12 Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=#offline>7.7 Offline Web applications</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-11>7.7.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications>7.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a><li><a href=#appcache
events>7.7.1.2 Event summary</a></ol><li><a href=#appcache>7.7.2 Application caches</a><li><a href=#manifests>7.7.3 The cache manifest syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#some-sample-manifests>7.7.3.1 Some sample manifests</a><li><a href=#writing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests</a><li><a href=#parsing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests</a></ol><li><a href=#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache>7.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache</a><li><a href=#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm>7.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm</a><li><a href=#changesToNetworkingModel>7.7.6 Changes to the networking model</a><li><a href=#expiring-application-caches>7.7.7 Expiring application caches</a><li><a href=#disk-space>7.7.8 Disk space</a><li><a href=#security-concerns-with-offline-applications-caches>7.7.9 Security concerns with offline applications caches</a><li><a href=#application-cache-api>7.7.10 Application cache API</a><li><a href=#
browser-state>7.7.11 Browser state</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=#scripting>8.1 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-12>8.1.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-scripting>8.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting</a><li><a href=#processing-model-8>8.1.3 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-2>8.1.3.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts>8.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#calling-scripts>8.1.3.3 Calling scripts</a><li><a href=#creating-scripts>8.1.3.4 Creating scripts</a><li><a href=#killing-scripts>8.1.3.5 Killing scripts</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors>8.1.3.6 Runtime script errors</a><ol><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-in-documents>8.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents</a><li><a href=#the-errorevent-interface>8.1.3.6.2 The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#event-loops>8.1.4 Event loops</a><ol><li><
a href=#definitions-3>8.1.4.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#processing-model-9>8.1.4.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#generic-task-sources>8.1.4.3 Generic task sources</a></ol><li><a href=#events>8.1.5 Events</a><ol><li><a href=#event-handler-attributes>8.1.5.1 Event handlers</a><li><a href=#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects>8.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=#idl-definitions>8.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions</a></ol><li><a href=#event-firing>8.1.5.3 Event firing</a><li><a href=#events-and-the-window-object>8.1.5.4 Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#atob>8.2 Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>8.3 Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=#opening-the-input-stream>8.3.1 Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=#closing-the-input-stream>8.3.2 Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=#document.write()>8.3.3 <code
>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=#document.writeln()>8.3.4 <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#timers>8.4 Timers</a><li><a href=#user-prompts>8.5 User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=#simple-dialogs>8.5.1 Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=#printing>8.5.2 Printing</a><li><a href=#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents>8.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents with <code>showModalDialog()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#system-state-and-capabilities>8.6 System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=#the-navigator-object>8.6.1 The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#client-identification>8.6.1.1 Client identification</a><li><a href=#language-preferences>8.6.1.2 Language preferences</a><li><a href=#custom-handlers>8.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>registerContentHandler()</code> methods</a><ol><li><a href=#security-and-privacy>8.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy</a><li><a href=#s
ample-handler-impl>8.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface</a></ol><li><a href=#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex>8.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex</a><li><a href=#plugins-2>8.6.1.5 Plugins</a></ol><li><a href=#the-external-interface>8.6.2 The <code>External</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#images>8.7 Images</a></ol><li><a href=#comms>9 Communication</a><ol><li><a href=#the-messageevent-interfaces>9.1 The <code>MessageEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#server-sent-events>9.2 Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=#server-sent-events-intro>9.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-eventsource-interface>9.2.2 The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=#processing-model-10>9.2.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=#parsing-an-event-stream>9.2.4 Parsing an event stream</a><li><a href=#event-stream-interpretation>9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream</a><li><a href=#authoring-notes>9.2.6 Authoring notes</a><li><a href=#eventsource-push>9.2.7 Connectionless push an
d other features</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-2>9.2.8 Garbage collection</a><li><a href=#implementation-advice>9.2.9 Implementation advice</a><li><a href=#iana-considerations>9.2.10 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/event-stream>9.2.10.1 <code>text/event-stream</code></a><li><a href=#last-event-id>9.2.10.2 <code>Last-Event-ID</code></a></ol></ol><li><a href=#network>9.3 Web sockets</a><ol><li><a href=#network-intro>9.3.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-websocket-interface>9.3.2 The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a><li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol>9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol</a><li><a href=#ping-and-pong-frames>9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames</a><li><a href=#parsing-websocket-urls>9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs</a><li><a href=#the-closeevent-interfaces>9.3.6 The <code>CloseEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-3>9.3.7 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#web-messaging>9.4 Cross-document messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introducti
on-13>9.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#security-postmsg>9.4.2 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#authors>9.4.2.1 Authors</a><li><a href=#user-agents>9.4.2.2 User agents</a></ol><li><a href=#posting-messages>9.4.3 Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=#channel-messaging>9.5 Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-14>9.5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-5>9.5.1.1 Examples</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web>9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations>9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=#message-channels>9.5.2 Message channels</a><li><a href=#message-ports>9.5.3 Message ports</a><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-many-ports>9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports</a><li><a href=#ports-and-garbage-collection>9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-oth
er-browsing-contexts>9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li><a href=#workers>10 Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-15>10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#scope-2>10.1.1 Scope</a><li><a href=#examples-6>10.1.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=#a-background-number-crunching-worker>10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=#worker-used-for-background-i/o>10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-introduction>10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker>10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=#delegation>10.1.2.5 Delegation</a></ol><li><a href=#tutorials>10.1.3 Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#shared-workers>10.1.3.3 Shared workers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#infrastructure
-2>10.2 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#the-global-scope>10.2.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface>10.2.1.1 The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#worker-event-loop>10.2.2 The event loop</a><li><a href="#the-worker's-lifetime">10.2.3 The worker's lifetime</a><li><a href=#processing-model-11>10.2.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-2>10.2.5 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=#creating-workers>10.2.6 Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=#the-abstractworker-abstract-interface>10.2.6.1 The <code>AbstractWorker</code> abstract interface</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for
-workers>10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface>10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface>10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#apis-available-to-workers>10.3 APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=#importing-scripts-and-libraries>10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries</a><li><a href=#the-workernavigator-object>10.3.2 The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> object</a><li><a href=#worker-locations>10.3.3 Worker locations</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#webstorage>11 Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-16>11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#storage>11.2 The API</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storage-interface>11.2.1 The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-sessionstorage-attribute>11.2.2 The <code>sessionStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-localstorage-attribute>11.2
.3 The <code>localStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-storage-event>11.2.4 The <code>storage</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storageevent-interface>11.2.4.1 The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#threads>11.2.5 Threads</a></ol><li><a href=#disk-space-2>11.3 Disk space</a><li><a href=#privacy>11.4 Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=#user-tracking>11.4.1 User tracking</a><li><a href=#sensitivity-of-data>11.4.2 Sensitivity of data</a></ol><li><a href=#security-storage>11.5 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#dns-spoofing-attacks>11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=#cross-directory-attacks>11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks</a><li><a href=#implementation-risks>11.5.3 Implementation risks</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing>12.1 Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-doctype>12.1.1 The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=#elements-2>12.1.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#start-tags>12.1.2.1 Start tags</a><li><a href=#end
-tags>12.1.2.2 End tags</a><li><a href=#attributes-2>12.1.2.3 Attributes</a><li><a href=#optional-tags>12.1.2.4 Optional tags</a><li><a href=#element-restrictions>12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=#text-2>12.1.3 Text</a><ol><li><a href=#newlines>12.1.3.1 Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=#character-references>12.1.4 Character references</a><li><a href=#cdata-sections>12.1.5 CDATA sections</a><li><a href=#comments>12.1.6 Comments</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing>12.2 Parsing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#overview-of-the-parsing-model>12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model</a><li><a href=#the-input-byte-stream>12.2.2 The input byte stream</a><ol><li><a href=#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding>12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding</a><li><a href=#determining-the-character-encoding>12.2.2.2 Determining the character encod
ing</a><li><a href=#character-encodings>12.2.2.3 Character encodings</a><li><a href=#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing>12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing</a><li><a href=#preprocessing-the-input-stream>12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol><li><a href=#parse-state>12.2.3 Parse state</a><ol><li><a href=#the-insertion-mode>12.2.3.1 The insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-stack-of-open-elements>12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements</a><li><a href=#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements</a><li><a href=#the-element-pointers>12.2.3.4 The element pointers</a><li><a href=#other-parsing-state-flags>12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags</a></ol><li><a href=#tokenization>12.2.4 Tokenization</a><ol><li><a href=#data-state>12.2.4.1 Data state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-data-state>12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-state>12.2.4.3 RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-rcd
ata-state>12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-state>12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state</a><li><a href=#script-data-state>12.2.4.6 Script data state</a><li><a href=#plaintext-state>12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state</a><li><a href=#tag-open-state>12.2.4.8 Tag open state</a><li><a href=#end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.9 End tag open state</a><li><a href=#tag-name-state>12.2.4.10 Tag name state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state</a><li><a href=
#script-data-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-state>12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-state>12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>12.2.4.2
8 Script data double escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state>12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state</a><li><a href=#attribute-name-state>12.2.4.35 Attribute name state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.36 After attribute name state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a><li>
<a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state</a><li><a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state</a><li><a href=#bogus-comment-state>12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state</a><li><a href=#markup-declaration-open-state>12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-state>12.2.4.46 Comment start state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-dash-state>12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-state>12.2.4.48 Comment state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-dash-state>12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-state>12.2.4.50 Comment end state</a><li><a href=#comm
ent-end-bang-state>12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state</a><li><a href=#doctype-state>12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#doctype-name-state>12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state>12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identif
iers state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#bogus-doctype-state>12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#cdata-section-state>12.2.4.68 CDATA section state</a><li><a href=#tokenizing-character-references>12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references</a></ol><li><a href=#tree-construction>12.2.5 Tree construction</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-and-inserting-nodes>12.2.5.1 Creating and inserting nodes</a><li><a href=#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text>12.
2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text</a><li><a href=#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags>12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhtml>12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhead>12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript>12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inbody>12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incdata>12.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intable>12.2.5.4.9 The "in table"
insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intabletext>12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incaption>12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup>12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intbody>12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intr>12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intd>12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselect>12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable>12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intemplate>12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterbody>12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inframeset>12.2.5.4.20 The "in frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset>12.2.5.
4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing-main-inforeign>12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol><li><a href=#the-end>12.2.6 The end</a><li><a href=#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset>12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a><li><a href=#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser>12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a><ol><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i>12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></a><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></a><li><a href=#unexpected-markup-in-tables>12.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables</a><li><a href=#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed
>12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a><li><a href=#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents>12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a><li><a href=#unclosed-formatting-elements>12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#serialising-html-fragments>12.3 Serialising HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-html-fragments>12.4 Parsing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#named-character-references>12.5 Named character references</a></ol><li><a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-xhtml-documents>13.1 Writing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-documents>13.2 Parsing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#serialising-xhtml-fragments>13.3 Serialising XHTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-fragments>13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ol><li><a href=#rendering>14 Rendering</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-17>14.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=
#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints>14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a><li><a href=#non-replaced-elements>14.3 Non-replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#hidden-elements>14.3.1 Hidden elements</a><li><a href=#the-page>14.3.2 The page</a><li><a href=#flow-content-3>14.3.3 Flow content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content-3>14.3.4 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#bidi-rendering>14.3.5 Bidirectional text</a><li><a href=#quotes>14.3.6 Quotes</a><li><a href=#sections-and-headings>14.3.7 Sections and headings</a><li><a href=#lists>14.3.8 Lists</a><li><a href=#tables-2>14.3.9 Tables</a><li><a href=#margin-collapsing-quirks>14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks</a><li><a href=#form-controls>14.3.11 Form controls</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element-2>14.3.12 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements>14.3.13 The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol><li><a href=#replaced-elements>14.4 Replac
ed elements</a><ol><li><a href=#embedded-content-rendering-rules>14.4.1 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#images-2>14.4.2 Images</a><li><a href=#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images>14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images</a><li><a href=#image-maps-2>14.4.4 Image maps</a></ol><li><a href=#bindings>14.5 Bindings</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-18>14.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-button-element-2>14.5.2 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-details-element-2>14.5.3 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>14.5.4 The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>14.5.5 The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-range-control>14.5.6 The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-colour-well>14.5.7 The <code>input</code> element as a col
our well</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets>14.5.8 The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control>14.5.9 The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-button>14.5.10 The <code>input</code> element as a button</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element>14.5.11 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element-2>14.5.12 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element-2>14.5.13 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element-2>14.5.14 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element-2>14.5.15 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element-2>14.5.16 The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#frames-and-framesets>14.6 Frames and framesets</a><li><a href=#interactive-media>14.7 Interactive media</a><ol><li><a href
=#links,-forms,-and-navigation>14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute-2>14.7.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#editing-hosts>14.7.3 Editing hosts</a><li><a href=#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces>14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#print-media>14.8 Print media</a><li><a href=#unstyled-xml-documents>14.9 Unstyled XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=#obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1 Obsolete but conforming features</a><ol><li><a href=#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=#non-conforming-features>15.2 Non-conforming features</a><li><a href=#requirements-for-implementations>15.3 Requirements for implementations</a><ol><li><a href=#the-applet-element>15.3.1 The <code>applet</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element-2>15.3.2 The <code>marquee</code> ele
ment</a><li><a href=#frames>15.3.3 Frames</a><li><a href=#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis>15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#iana>16 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/html>16.1 <code>text/html</code></a><li><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>16.2 <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a><li><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>16.3 <code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a><li><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>16.4 <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a><li><a href=#text/cache-manifest>16.5 <code>text/cache-manifest</code></a><li><a href=#text/ping>16.6 <code>text/ping</code></a><li><a href=#application/microdata+json>16.7 <code>application/microdata+json</code></a><li><a href=#ping-from>16.8 <code>Ping-From</code></a><li><a href=#ping-to>16.9 <code>Ping-To</code></a><li><a href=#web+-scheme-prefix>16.10 <code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol><li><a href=#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=#elements-3>Elements</a><li><
a href=#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=#element-interfaces>Element Interfaces</a><li><a href=#all-interfaces>All Interfaces</a><li><a href=#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=#mime-types-2>MIME Types</a></ol><li><a href=#references>References</a><li><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
+ attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dialog-element>4.11.7 The <code>dialog</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#anchor-points>4.11.7.1 Anchor points</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#scripting-3>4.12 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#the-script-element>4.12.1 The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#scriptingLanguages>4.12.1.1 Scripting languages</a><li><a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts</a><li><a href=#scriptTagXSLT>4.12.1.4 Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#the-noscript-element>4.12.2 The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-template-element>4.12.3 The <code>template</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#template-XSLT-XPath>4.12.3.1 Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath
</a></ol><li><a href=#the-canvas-element>4.12.4 The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#proxying-canvases-to-workers>4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers</a><li><a href=#2dcontext>4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=#implementation-notes>4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes</a><li><a href=#the-canvas-state>4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state</a><li><a href=#drawingstyle-objects>4.12.4.2.3 <code>DrawingStyle</code> objects</a><li><a href=#line-styles>4.12.4.2.4 Line styles</a><li><a href=#text-styles>4.12.4.2.5 Text styles</a><li><a href=#building-paths>4.12.4.2.6 Building paths</a><li><a href=#path2d-objects>4.12.4.2.7 <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=#transformations>4.12.4.2.8 Transformations</a><li><a href=#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts>4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=#fill-and-stroke-styles>4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangl
es to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas>4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=#drawing-images>4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images</a><li><a href=#hit-regions>4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions</a><li><a href=#pixel-manipulation>4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=#compositing>4.12.4.2.17 Compositing</a><li><a href=#image-smoothing>4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing</a><li><a href=#shadows>4.12.4.2.19 Shadows</a><li><a href=#drawing-model>4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model</a><li><a href=#best-practices>4.12.4.2.21 Best practices</a><li><a href=#examples>4.12.4.2.22 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#colour-spaces-and-colour-correction>4.12.4.3 Colour spaces and colour correction</a><li><a href=#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file>4.12.4.4 Serialising bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=#security-with-canvas-elements>4.12.4.5 Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#com
mon-idioms>4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-main-part-of-the-content>4.13.1 The main part of the content</a><li><a href=#rel-up>4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation</a><li><a href=#tag-clouds>4.13.3 Tag clouds</a><li><a href=#conversations>4.13.4 Conversations</a><li><a href=#footnotes>4.13.5 Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=#disabled-elements>4.14 Disabled elements</a><li><a href=#selectors>4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors</a><ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity>4.15.1 Case-sensitivity</a><li><a href=#pseudo-classes>4.15.2 Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-microdata><a href=#microdata>5 Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-7>5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#overview>5.1.1 Overview</a><li><a href=#the-basic-syntax>5.1.2 The basic syntax</a><li><a href=#typed-items>5.1.3 Typed items</a><li><a href=#global-identifiers-for-items>5.1.4 Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies>5.1.5 S
electing names when defining vocabularies</a><li><a href=#using-the-microdata-dom-api>5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API</a></ol><li><a href=#encoding-microdata>5.2 Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-microdata-model>5.2.1 The microdata model</a><li><a href=#items>5.2.2 Items</a><li><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>5.2.3 Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#values>5.2.4 Values</a><li><a href=#associating-names-with-items>5.2.5 Associating names with items</a><li><a href=#microdata-and-other-namespaces>5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#microdata-dom-api>5.3 Microdata DOM API</a><li><a href=#mdvocabs>5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=#vcard>5.4.1 vCard</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-vcard>5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=#examples-2>5.4.1.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#vevent>5.4.2 vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-icalendar>5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=#examples
-3>5.4.2.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#licensing-works>5.4.3 Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-4>5.4.3.1 Examples</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#converting-html-to-other-formats>5.5 Converting HTML to other formats</a><ol><li><a href=#json>5.5.1 JSON</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-editing><a href=#editing>6 User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>6.1 The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#inert-subtrees>6.2 Inert subtrees</a><li><a href=#activation>6.3 Activation</a><li><a href=#focus>6.4 Focus</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-8>6.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#data-model>6.4.2 Data model</a><li><a href=#the-tabindex-attribute>6.4.3 The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-6>6.4.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>6.4.5 Sequential focus navigation</a><li><a href=#focus-management-apis>6.4.6 Focus management APIs</a></ol><li><a href=#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts>6.5 Assigning keyboard short
cuts</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-9>6.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>6.5.2 The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-7>6.5.3 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#editing-2>6.6 Editing</a><ol><li><a href=#contenteditable>6.6.1 Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute>6.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The <code>designMode</code> IDL attribute</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-in-page-editors>6.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=#editing-apis>6.6.4 Editing APIs</a><li><a href=#spelling-and-grammar-checking>6.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking</a></ol><li><a href=#dnd>6.7 Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-10>6.7.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-drag-data-store>6.7.2 The drag data store</a><li><a href=#the-datatransfer-interface>6.7.3 The <code>DataTransfer</cod
e> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#the-datatransferitemlist-interface>6.7.3.1 The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-datatransferitem-interface>6.7.3.2 The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dragevent-interface>6.7.4 The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#drag-and-drop-processing-model>6.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model</a><li><a href=#dndevents>6.7.6 Events summary</a><li><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>6.7.7 The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>6.7.8 The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model>6.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-browsers><a href=#browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><ol><li><a href=#windows>7.1 Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#nested-browsing-contexts>7.1.1 Nested browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.1.1 Navig
ating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#auxiliary-browsing-contexts>7.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#secondary-browsing-contexts>7.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#security-nav>7.1.4 Security</a><li><a href=#groupings-of-browsing-contexts>7.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browsing-context-names>7.1.6 Browsing context names</a></ol><li><a href=#the-window-object>7.2 The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#security-window>7.2.1 Security</a><li><a href=#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name>7.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a><li><a href=#accessing-other-browsing-contexts>7.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#named-access-on-the-window-object>7.2.4 Named access on the <code>Window</code> object
</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts>7.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#closing-browsing-contexts>7.2.6 Closing browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browser-interface-elements>7.2.7 Browser interface elements</a><li><a href=#the-windowproxy-object>7.2.8 The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ol><li><a href=#origin>7.3 Origin</a><ol><li><a href=#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction>7.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=#sandboxing>7.4 Sandboxing</a><li><a href=#history>7.5 Session history and navigation</a><ol><li><a href=#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts>7.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#the-history-interface>7.5.2 The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-location-interface>7.5.3 The <code>Location</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#security-location>7.5.3.1 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#history-notes>7.5.4 Implementation notes for session history</a>
</ol><li><a href=#browsing-the-web>7.6 Browsing the Web</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-across-documents>7.6.1 Navigating across documents</a><li><a href=#read-html>7.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files</a><li><a href=#read-xml>7.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files</a><li><a href=#read-text>7.6.4 Page load processing model for text files</a><li><a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace>7.6.5 Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a><li><a href=#read-media>7.6.6 Page load processing model for media</a><li><a href=#read-plugin>7.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a><li><a href=#read-ua-inline>7.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
+ content that doesn't have a DOM</a><li><a href=#scroll-to-fragid>7.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier</a><li><a href=#history-traversal>7.6.10 History traversal</a><ol><li><a href=#the-popstateevent-interface>7.6.10.1 The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-hashchangeevent-interface>7.6.10.2 The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-pagetransitionevent-interface>7.6.10.3 The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#unloading-documents>7.6.11 Unloading documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-beforeunloadevent-interface>7.6.11.1 The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#aborting-a-document-load>7.6.12 Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=#offline>7.7 Offline Web applications</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-11>7.7.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications>7.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a><li><a href=#appcache
events>7.7.1.2 Event summary</a></ol><li><a href=#appcache>7.7.2 Application caches</a><li><a href=#manifests>7.7.3 The cache manifest syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#some-sample-manifests>7.7.3.1 Some sample manifests</a><li><a href=#writing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests</a><li><a href=#parsing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests</a></ol><li><a href=#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache>7.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache</a><li><a href=#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm>7.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm</a><li><a href=#changesToNetworkingModel>7.7.6 Changes to the networking model</a><li><a href=#expiring-application-caches>7.7.7 Expiring application caches</a><li><a href=#disk-space>7.7.8 Disk space</a><li><a href=#security-concerns-with-offline-applications-caches>7.7.9 Security concerns with offline applications caches</a><li><a href=#application-cache-api>7.7.10 Application cache API</a><li><a href=#
browser-state>7.7.11 Browser state</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-webappapis><a href=#webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=#scripting>8.1 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-12>8.1.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-scripting>8.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting</a><li><a href=#processing-model-8>8.1.3 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-2>8.1.3.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts>8.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#calling-scripts>8.1.3.3 Calling scripts</a><li><a href=#creating-scripts>8.1.3.4 Creating scripts</a><li><a href=#killing-scripts>8.1.3.5 Killing scripts</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors>8.1.3.6 Runtime script errors</a><ol><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-in-documents>8.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents</a><li><a href=#the-errorevent-interface>8.1.3.6.2 The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#event-loops>8.1.4 Event
loops</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-3>8.1.4.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#processing-model-9>8.1.4.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#generic-task-sources>8.1.4.3 Generic task sources</a></ol><li><a href=#events>8.1.5 Events</a><ol><li><a href=#event-handler-attributes>8.1.5.1 Event handlers</a><li><a href=#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects>8.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=#idl-definitions>8.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions</a></ol><li><a href=#event-firing>8.1.5.3 Event firing</a><li><a href=#events-and-the-window-object>8.1.5.4 Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#atob>8.2 Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>8.3 Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=#opening-the-input-stream>8.3.1 Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=#closing-the-input-stream>8.3.2 Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=#document.w
rite()>8.3.3 <code>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=#document.writeln()>8.3.4 <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#timers>8.4 Timers</a><li><a href=#user-prompts>8.5 User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=#simple-dialogs>8.5.1 Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=#printing>8.5.2 Printing</a><li><a href=#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents>8.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents with <code>showModalDialog()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#system-state-and-capabilities>8.6 System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=#the-navigator-object>8.6.1 The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#client-identification>8.6.1.1 Client identification</a><li><a href=#language-preferences>8.6.1.2 Language preferences</a><li><a href=#custom-handlers>8.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>registerContentHandler()</code> methods</a><ol><li><a href=#security-and-privacy>8.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy
</a><li><a href=#sample-handler-impl>8.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface</a></ol><li><a href=#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex>8.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex</a><li><a href=#plugins-2>8.6.1.5 Plugins</a></ol><li><a href=#the-external-interface>8.6.2 The <code>External</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#images>8.7 Images</a></ol><li id=toc-comms><a href=#comms>9 Communication</a><ol><li><a href=#the-messageevent-interfaces>9.1 The <code>MessageEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#server-sent-events>9.2 Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=#server-sent-events-intro>9.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-eventsource-interface>9.2.2 The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=#processing-model-10>9.2.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=#parsing-an-event-stream>9.2.4 Parsing an event stream</a><li><a href=#event-stream-interpretation>9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream</a><li><a href=#authoring-notes>9.2.6 Authoring notes</a><li><a href=#eventsource-pu
sh>9.2.7 Connectionless push and other features</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-2>9.2.8 Garbage collection</a><li><a href=#implementation-advice>9.2.9 Implementation advice</a><li><a href=#iana-considerations>9.2.10 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/event-stream>9.2.10.1 <code>text/event-stream</code></a><li><a href=#last-event-id>9.2.10.2 <code>Last-Event-ID</code></a></ol></ol><li><a href=#network>9.3 Web sockets</a><ol><li><a href=#network-intro>9.3.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-websocket-interface>9.3.2 The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a><li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol>9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol</a><li><a href=#ping-and-pong-frames>9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames</a><li><a href=#parsing-websocket-urls>9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs</a><li><a href=#the-closeevent-interfaces>9.3.6 The <code>CloseEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-3>9.3.7 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#web-messaging>9.4 Cross-document messaging
</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-13>9.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#security-postmsg>9.4.2 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#authors>9.4.2.1 Authors</a><li><a href=#user-agents>9.4.2.2 User agents</a></ol><li><a href=#posting-messages>9.4.3 Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=#channel-messaging>9.5 Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-14>9.5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-5>9.5.1.1 Examples</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web>9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations>9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=#message-channels>9.5.2 Message channels</a><li><a href=#message-ports>9.5.3 Message ports</a><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-many-ports>9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports</a><li><a href=#ports-and-garbage-collection>9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><
li><a href=#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts>9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li id=toc-workers><a href=#workers>10 Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-15>10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#scope-2>10.1.1 Scope</a><li><a href=#examples-6>10.1.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=#a-background-number-crunching-worker>10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=#worker-used-for-background-i/o>10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-introduction>10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker>10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=#delegation>10.1.2.5 Delegation</a></ol><li><a href=#tutorials>10.1.3 Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#shared-workers>10.1.3.3 Shared wo
rkers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#infrastructure-2>10.2 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#the-global-scope>10.2.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface>10.2.1.1 The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#worker-event-loop>10.2.2 The event loop</a><li><a href="#the-worker's-lifetime">10.2.3 The worker's lifetime</a><li><a href=#processing-model-11>10.2.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-2>10.2.5 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=#creating-workers>10.2.6 Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=#the-abstractworker-abstract-interface>10.2.6.1 The <code>AbstractWorker</code> abstract
interface</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-workers>10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface>10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface>10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#apis-available-to-workers>10.3 APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=#importing-scripts-and-libraries>10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries</a><li><a href=#the-workernavigator-object>10.3.2 The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> object</a><li><a href=#worker-locations>10.3.3 Worker locations</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-webstorage><a href=#webstorage>11 Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-16>11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#storage>11.2 The API</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storage-interface>11.2.1 The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-sessionstorage-attribute>11.2.2 The <code>sessionStorage<
/code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-localstorage-attribute>11.2.3 The <code>localStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-storage-event>11.2.4 The <code>storage</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storageevent-interface>11.2.4.1 The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#threads>11.2.5 Threads</a></ol><li><a href=#disk-space-2>11.3 Disk space</a><li><a href=#privacy>11.4 Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=#user-tracking>11.4.1 User tracking</a><li><a href=#sensitivity-of-data>11.4.2 Sensitivity of data</a></ol><li><a href=#security-storage>11.5 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#dns-spoofing-attacks>11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=#cross-directory-attacks>11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks</a><li><a href=#implementation-risks>11.5.3 Implementation risks</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-syntax><a href=#syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing>12.1 Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-doctype>12.1.1 The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=#elements-2>12.1.2 E
lements</a><ol><li><a href=#start-tags>12.1.2.1 Start tags</a><li><a href=#end-tags>12.1.2.2 End tags</a><li><a href=#attributes-2>12.1.2.3 Attributes</a><li><a href=#optional-tags>12.1.2.4 Optional tags</a><li><a href=#element-restrictions>12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=#text-2>12.1.3 Text</a><ol><li><a href=#newlines>12.1.3.1 Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=#character-references>12.1.4 Character references</a><li><a href=#cdata-sections>12.1.5 CDATA sections</a><li><a href=#comments>12.1.6 Comments</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing>12.2 Parsing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#overview-of-the-parsing-model>12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model</a><li><a href=#the-input-byte-stream>12.2.2 The input byte stream</a><ol><li><a href=#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding>12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding</a><li><a hre
f=#determining-the-character-encoding>12.2.2.2 Determining the character encoding</a><li><a href=#character-encodings>12.2.2.3 Character encodings</a><li><a href=#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing>12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing</a><li><a href=#preprocessing-the-input-stream>12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol><li><a href=#parse-state>12.2.3 Parse state</a><ol><li><a href=#the-insertion-mode>12.2.3.1 The insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-stack-of-open-elements>12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements</a><li><a href=#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements</a><li><a href=#the-element-pointers>12.2.3.4 The element pointers</a><li><a href=#other-parsing-state-flags>12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags</a></ol><li><a href=#tokenization>12.2.4 Tokenization</a><ol><li><a href=#data-state>12.2.4.1 Data state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-data-state>12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state</a><li><a href=
#rcdata-state>12.2.4.3 RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-rcdata-state>12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-state>12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state</a><li><a href=#script-data-state>12.2.4.6 Script data state</a><li><a href=#plaintext-state>12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state</a><li><a href=#tag-open-state>12.2.4.8 Tag open state</a><li><a href=#end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.9 End tag open state</a><li><a href=#tag-name-state>12.2.4.10 Tag name state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-l
ess-than-sign-state>12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-state>12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-state>12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end
tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>12.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state>12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state</a><li><a href=#attribute-name-state>12.2.4.35 Attribute name state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.36 After attribute name state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value
-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state</a><li><a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state</a><li><a href=#bogus-comment-state>12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state</a><li><a href=#markup-declaration-open-state>12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-state>12.2.4.46 Comment start state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-dash-state>12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-state>12.2.4.48 Comment state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-dash-state>12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state</a><
li><a href=#comment-end-state>12.2.4.50 Comment end state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-bang-state>12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state</a><li><a href=#doctype-state>12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#doctype-name-state>12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#between-doctype-public-an
d-system-identifiers-state>12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#bogus-doctype-state>12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#cdata-section-state>12.2.4.68 CDATA section state</a><li><a href=#tokenizing-character-references>12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references</a></ol><li><a href=#tree-construction>12.2.5 Tree construction</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-and-inserting-nodes>12.2.5.1 Creating a
nd inserting nodes</a><li><a href=#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text>12.2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text</a><li><a href=#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags>12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhtml>12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhead>12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript>12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inbody>12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incdata>12.2.5.4.8 The "text"
insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intable>12.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intabletext>12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incaption>12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup>12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intbody>12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intr>12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intd>12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselect>12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable>12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intemplate>12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterbody>12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inframeset>12.2.5.4.20 The "
in frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset>12.2.5.4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing-main-inforeign>12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol><li><a href=#the-end>12.2.6 The end</a><li><a href=#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset>12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a><li><a href=#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser>12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a><ol><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i>12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></a><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></a><li><a href=#unexpected-markup-in-tables>12.2.8.3 Unexpected marku
p in tables</a><li><a href=#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed>12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a><li><a href=#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents>12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a><li><a href=#unclosed-formatting-elements>12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#serialising-html-fragments>12.3 Serialising HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-html-fragments>12.4 Parsing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#named-character-references>12.5 Named character references</a></ol><li id=toc-the-xhtml-syntax><a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-xhtml-documents>13.1 Writing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-documents>13.2 Parsing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#serialising-xhtml-fragments>13.3 Serialising XHTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-fragments>13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ol><li
id=toc-rendering><a href=#rendering>14 Rendering</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-17>14.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints>14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a><li><a href=#non-replaced-elements>14.3 Non-replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#hidden-elements>14.3.1 Hidden elements</a><li><a href=#the-page>14.3.2 The page</a><li><a href=#flow-content-3>14.3.3 Flow content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content-3>14.3.4 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#bidi-rendering>14.3.5 Bidirectional text</a><li><a href=#quotes>14.3.6 Quotes</a><li><a href=#sections-and-headings>14.3.7 Sections and headings</a><li><a href=#lists>14.3.8 Lists</a><li><a href=#tables-2>14.3.9 Tables</a><li><a href=#margin-collapsing-quirks>14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks</a><li><a href=#form-controls>14.3.11 Form controls</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element-2>14.3.12 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-and-legend-element
s>14.3.13 The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol><li><a href=#replaced-elements>14.4 Replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#embedded-content-rendering-rules>14.4.1 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#images-2>14.4.2 Images</a><li><a href=#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images>14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images</a><li><a href=#image-maps-2>14.4.4 Image maps</a></ol><li><a href=#bindings>14.5 Bindings</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-18>14.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-button-element-2>14.5.2 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-details-element-2>14.5.3 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>14.5.4 The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>14.5.5 The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-range-control>14.5.6 The <code>input</code> eleme
nt as a range control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-colour-well>14.5.7 The <code>input</code> element as a colour well</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets>14.5.8 The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control>14.5.9 The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-button>14.5.10 The <code>input</code> element as a button</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element>14.5.11 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element-2>14.5.12 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element-2>14.5.13 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element-2>14.5.14 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element-2>14.5.15 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element-2>14.5.16 The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#fra
mes-and-framesets>14.6 Frames and framesets</a><li><a href=#interactive-media>14.7 Interactive media</a><ol><li><a href=#links,-forms,-and-navigation>14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute-2>14.7.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#editing-hosts>14.7.3 Editing hosts</a><li><a href=#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces>14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#print-media>14.8 Print media</a><li><a href=#unstyled-xml-documents>14.9 Unstyled XML documents</a></ol><li id=toc-obsolete><a href=#obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=#obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1 Obsolete but conforming features</a><ol><li><a href=#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=#non-conforming-features>15.2 Non-conforming features</a><li><a href=#requirements-for-implementations>15.3 Requirements for implementations</a><ol><li><a hr
ef=#the-applet-element>15.3.1 The <code>applet</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element-2>15.3.2 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#frames>15.3.3 Frames</a><li><a href=#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis>15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-iana><a href=#iana>16 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/html>16.1 <code>text/html</code></a><li><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>16.2 <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a><li><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>16.3 <code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a><li><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>16.4 <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a><li><a href=#text/cache-manifest>16.5 <code>text/cache-manifest</code></a><li><a href=#text/ping>16.6 <code>text/ping</code></a><li><a href=#application/microdata+json>16.7 <code>application/microdata+json</code></a><li><a href=#ping-from>16.8 <code>Ping-From</code></a><li><a href=#ping-to>16.9 <code>Ping-To</code></a><li>
<a href=#web+-scheme-prefix>16.10 <code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol><li id=toc-index><a href=#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=#elements-3>Elements</a><li><a href=#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=#element-interfaces>Element Interfaces</a><li><a href=#all-interfaces>All Interfaces</a><li><a href=#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=#mime-types-2>MIME Types</a></ol><li id=toc-references><a href=#references>References</a><li id=toc-acknowledgements><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
@@ -18455,12 +18458,16 @@
<a href=#space-character id=the-img-element:space-character-9>space characters</a>, and let that be <var>url</var>.<li><p>Let <var>descriptors</var> be a new empty list.<li>
<p>If <var>url</var> ends with a U+002C COMMA character (,),
- remove all trailing U+002C COMMA characters from <var>url</var>;
- if this removed more than one character, that is a <a href=#concept-microsyntax-parse-error id=the-img-element:concept-microsyntax-parse-error-2>parse error</a>.
- Otherwise, <a href=#skip-whitespace id=the-img-element:skip-whitespace>skip whitespace</a> and then follow these substeps:</p>
+ follow these substeps:</p>
- <ol><li><p><i>Descriptor tokeniser</i>: Let <var>current descriptor</var> be the empty string.<li><p>Let <var>state</var> be <i>in descriptor</i>.<li>
+ <ol><li><p>Remove all trailing U+002C COMMA characters from <var>url</var>.
+ If this removed more than one character,
+ that is a <a href=#concept-microsyntax-parse-error id=the-img-element:concept-microsyntax-parse-error-2>parse error</a>.</ol>
+ <p>Otherwise, follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><i>Descriptor tokeniser</i>: <a href=#skip-whitespace id=the-img-element:skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a><li><p>Let <var>current descriptor</var> be the empty string.<li><p>Let <var>state</var> be <i>in descriptor</i>.<li>
+
<p>Let <var>c</var> be the character at <var>position</var>.
Do the following depending on the value of <var>state</var>.
For the purpose of this step, "EOF" is a special character representing
Modified: index
===================================================================
--- index 2014-09-29 21:18:41 UTC (rev 8825)
+++ index 2014-09-30 23:47:29 UTC (rev 8826)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
</style><link rel=stylesheet href=status.css><body onload=init()>
<header id=head class="head with-buttons">
<p><a href=https://whatwg.org/ class=logo><img src=//whatwg.org/images/logo width=101 alt=WHATWG height=101></a></p>
- <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1><h2 id=living-standard-—-last-updated-[date:-01-jan-1901] class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard — Last Updated <span class=pubdate>29 September 2014</span></h2></hgroup>
+ <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1><h2 id=living-standard-—-last-updated-[date:-01-jan-1901] class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard — Last Updated <span class=pubdate>30 September 2014</span></h2></hgroup>
<nav>
<div>
@@ -321,15 +321,18 @@
<div id=configUI></div>
- <h2 id=contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2>
- <ol class=toc><li><a href=#introduction>1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#abstract>1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a><li><a href=#is-this-html5?>1.2 Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=#background>1.3 Background</a><li><a href=#audience>1.4 Audience</a><li><a href=#scope>1.5 Scope</a><li><a href=#history-2>1.6 History</a><li><a href=#design-notes>1.7 Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=#serialisability-of-script-execution>1.7.1 Serialisability of script execution</a><li><a href=#compliance-with-other-specifications>1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a><li><a href=#extensibility>1.7.3 Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=#html-vs-xhtml>1.8 HTML vs XHTML</a><li><a href=#structure-of-this-specification>1.9 Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=#how-to-read-this-specification>1.9.1 How to read this specification</a><li><a href=#typographic-conventions>1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=#fingerprint>1.10 Privacy concerns</a><ol><li><a href=#fing
erprint-postMessage>1.10.1 Cross-site communication</a></ol><li><a href=#a-quick-introduction-to-html>1.11 A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-secure-applications-with-html>1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis>1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers>1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements-for-authors>1.12 Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=#presentational-markup>1.12.1 Presentational markup</a><li><a href=#syntax-errors>1.12.2 Syntax errors</a><li><a href=#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values>1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=#suggested-reading>1.13 Suggested reading</a></ol><li><a href=#in
frastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology>2.1 Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=#resources>2.1.1 Resources</a><li><a href=#xml>2.1.2 XML</a><li><a href=#dom-trees>2.1.3 DOM trees</a><li><a href=#scripting-2>2.1.4 Scripting</a><li><a href=#plugins>2.1.5 Plugins</a><li><a href=#encoding-terminology>2.1.6 Character encodings</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements>2.2 Conformance requirements</a><ol><li><a href=#conformance-classes>2.2.1 Conformance classes</a><li><a href=#dependencies>2.2.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#extensibility-2>2.2.3 Extensibility</a><li><a href=#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt>2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison>2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a><li><a href=#common-microsyntaxes>2.4 Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=#common-parser-idioms>2.4.1 Common parser idioms</a><li><a href=#boolean-attributes>2.4.2 Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=#key
words-and-enumerated-attributes>2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=#numbers>2.4.4 Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=#signed-integers>2.4.4.1 Signed integers</a><li><a href=#non-negative-integers>2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=#floating-point-numbers>2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=#percentages-and-dimensions>2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=#lists-of-integers>2.4.4.5 Lists of integers</a><li><a href=#lists-of-dimensions>2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions</a></ol><li><a href=#dates-and-times>2.4.5 Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=#months>2.4.5.1 Months</a><li><a href=#dates>2.4.5.2 Dates</a><li><a href=#yearless-dates>2.4.5.3 Yearless dates</a><li><a href=#times>2.4.5.4 Times</a><li><a href=#local-dates-and-times>2.4.5.5 Local dates and times</a><li><a href=#time-zones>2.4.5.6 Time zones</a><li><a href=#global-dates-and-times>2.4.5.7 Global dates and times</a><li><a href=#weeks>2.4.5.8 Weeks</a><li><a href=#durations>2.4.5.9
Durations</a><li><a href=#vaguer-moments-in-time>2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=#colours>2.4.6 Colours</a><li><a href=#space-separated-tokens>2.4.7 Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#comma-separated-tokens>2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#syntax-references>2.4.9 References</a><li><a href=#mq>2.4.10 Media queries</a></ol><li><a href=#urls>2.5 URLs</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-2>2.5.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#resolving-urls>2.5.2 Resolving URLs</a><li><a href=#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls>2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol><li><a href=#fetching-resources>2.6 Fetching resources</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-3>2.6.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#processing-model>2.6.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns>2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a><li><a href=#content-type-sniffing>2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource</a><li><a href=#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-
elements>2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a><li><a href=#cors-settings-attributes>2.6.6 CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=#cors-enabled-fetch>2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch</a></ol><li><a href=#common-dom-interfaces>2.7 Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes>2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=#collections-2>2.7.2 Collections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-htmlallcollection-interface>2.7.2.1 The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface>2.7.2.2 The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmloptionscollection-interface>2.7.2.3 The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlpropertiescollection-interface>2.7.2.4 The <code>HTMLPropertiesCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-domstringmap-interface>2.7.3 The <code>DOMStringMap</code> interfac
e</a><li><a href=#domelementmap>2.7.4 DOMElementMap</a><li><a href=#transferable-objects>2.7.5 Transferable objects</a><li><a href=#safe-passing-of-structured-data>2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data</a><li><a href=#callbacks>2.7.7 Callbacks</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection>2.7.8 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#namespaces>2.8 Namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#documents>3.1 Documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-document-object>3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=#resource-metadata-management>3.1.2 Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=#dom-tree-accessors>3.1.3 DOM tree accessors</a><li><a href=#loading-xml-documents>3.1.4 Loading XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#elements>3.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#semantics-2>3.2.1 Semantics</a><li><a href=#elements-in-the-dom>3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=#element-definitions>3.2.3 Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href
=#attributes>3.2.3.1 Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#content-models>3.2.4 Content models</a><ol><li><a href=#the-nothing-content-model>3.2.4.1 The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=#kinds-of-content>3.2.4.2 Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=#metadata-content>3.2.4.2.1 Metadata content</a><li><a href=#flow-content>3.2.4.2.2 Flow content</a><li><a href=#sectioning-content>3.2.4.2.3 Sectioning content</a><li><a href=#heading-content>3.2.4.2.4 Heading content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content>3.2.4.2.5 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#embedded-content-2>3.2.4.2.6 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#interactive-content>3.2.4.2.7 Interactive content</a><li><a href=#palpable-content>3.2.4.2.8 Palpable content</a><li><a href=#script-supporting-elements>3.2.4.2.9 Script-supporting elements</a></ol><li><a href=#transparent-content-models>3.2.4.3 Transparent content models</a><li><a href=#paragraphs>3.2.4.4 Paragraphs</a></ol><li><a href=#global-attributes>3.2.5 Global attributes</a
><ol><li><a href=#the-id-attribute>3.2.5.1 The <code>id</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute>3.2.5.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes>3.2.5.3 The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-translate-attribute>3.2.5.4 The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>3.2.5.5 The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a><li><a href=#the-dir-attribute>3.2.5.6 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#classes>3.2.5.7 The <code>class</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-style-attribute>3.2.5.8 The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes>3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm>3.2.6 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a><ol><li><a href=#author
ing-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters>3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a><li><a href=#user-agent-conformance-criteria>3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></ol><li><a href=#wai-aria>3.2.7 WAI-ARIA</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#the-root-element>4.1 The root element</a><ol><li><a href=#the-html-element>4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#document-metadata>4.2 Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-head-element>4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-title-element>4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-base-element>4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-link-element>4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meta-element>4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#standard-metadata-names>4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a><li><a href
=#other-metadata-names>4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a><li><a href=#pragma-directives>4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a><li><a href=#other-pragma-directives>4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives</a><li><a href=#charset>4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=#the-style-element>4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href=#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting>4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol><li><a href=#sections>4.3 Sections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-body-element>4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-article-element>4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-section-element>4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-nav-element>4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-aside-element>4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>4.3.6 The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>,
and
+ <h2 id=table-of-contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2>
+ <ol class="brief toc"><li><a href=#toc-introduction>1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#toc-infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><li><a href=#toc-dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><li><a href=#toc-semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><li><a href=#toc-microdata>5 Microdata</a><li><a href=#toc-editing>6 User interaction</a><li><a href=#toc-browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><li><a href=#toc-webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><li><a href=#toc-comms>9 Communication</a><li><a href=#toc-workers>10 Web workers</a><li><a href=#toc-webstorage>11 Web storage</a><li><a href=#toc-syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-rendering>14 Rendering</a><li><a href=#toc-obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><li><a href=#toc-iana>16 IANA considerations</a><li><a href=#toc-index>Index</a><li><a href=#toc-references>References</a><li><a href=#toc-acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
+
+ <h2 id=contents class="no-num no-toc">Full table of contents</h2>
+ <ol class=toc><li id=toc-introduction><a href=#introduction>1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#abstract>1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a><li><a href=#is-this-html5?>1.2 Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=#background>1.3 Background</a><li><a href=#audience>1.4 Audience</a><li><a href=#scope>1.5 Scope</a><li><a href=#history-2>1.6 History</a><li><a href=#design-notes>1.7 Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=#serialisability-of-script-execution>1.7.1 Serialisability of script execution</a><li><a href=#compliance-with-other-specifications>1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a><li><a href=#extensibility>1.7.3 Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=#html-vs-xhtml>1.8 HTML vs XHTML</a><li><a href=#structure-of-this-specification>1.9 Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=#how-to-read-this-specification>1.9.1 How to read this specification</a><li><a href=#typographic-conventions>1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=#fingerprint>1.10 Privacy concerns</a><
ol><li><a href=#fingerprint-postMessage>1.10.1 Cross-site communication</a></ol><li><a href=#a-quick-introduction-to-html>1.11 A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-secure-applications-with-html>1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis>1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers>1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements-for-authors>1.12 Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=#presentational-markup>1.12.1 Presentational markup</a><li><a href=#syntax-errors>1.12.2 Syntax errors</a><li><a href=#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values>1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=#suggested-reading>1.13 Suggested reading</a>
</ol><li id=toc-infrastructure><a href=#infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology>2.1 Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=#resources>2.1.1 Resources</a><li><a href=#xml>2.1.2 XML</a><li><a href=#dom-trees>2.1.3 DOM trees</a><li><a href=#scripting-2>2.1.4 Scripting</a><li><a href=#plugins>2.1.5 Plugins</a><li><a href=#encoding-terminology>2.1.6 Character encodings</a></ol><li><a href=#conformance-requirements>2.2 Conformance requirements</a><ol><li><a href=#conformance-classes>2.2.1 Conformance classes</a><li><a href=#dependencies>2.2.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#extensibility-2>2.2.3 Extensibility</a><li><a href=#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt>2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison>2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a><li><a href=#common-microsyntaxes>2.4 Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=#common-parser-idioms>2.4.1 Common parser idioms</a><li><a href=#boolean-attributes>2.
4.2 Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes>2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=#numbers>2.4.4 Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=#signed-integers>2.4.4.1 Signed integers</a><li><a href=#non-negative-integers>2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=#floating-point-numbers>2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=#percentages-and-dimensions>2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=#lists-of-integers>2.4.4.5 Lists of integers</a><li><a href=#lists-of-dimensions>2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions</a></ol><li><a href=#dates-and-times>2.4.5 Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=#months>2.4.5.1 Months</a><li><a href=#dates>2.4.5.2 Dates</a><li><a href=#yearless-dates>2.4.5.3 Yearless dates</a><li><a href=#times>2.4.5.4 Times</a><li><a href=#local-dates-and-times>2.4.5.5 Local dates and times</a><li><a href=#time-zones>2.4.5.6 Time zones</a><li><a href=#global-dates-and-times>2.4.5.7 Global dates and times</a><li><a href=#weeks>2.4.5.
8 Weeks</a><li><a href=#durations>2.4.5.9 Durations</a><li><a href=#vaguer-moments-in-time>2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=#colours>2.4.6 Colours</a><li><a href=#space-separated-tokens>2.4.7 Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#comma-separated-tokens>2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=#syntax-references>2.4.9 References</a><li><a href=#mq>2.4.10 Media queries</a></ol><li><a href=#urls>2.5 URLs</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-2>2.5.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#resolving-urls>2.5.2 Resolving URLs</a><li><a href=#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls>2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol><li><a href=#fetching-resources>2.6 Fetching resources</a><ol><li><a href=#terminology-3>2.6.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=#processing-model>2.6.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns>2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a><li><a href=#content-type-sniffing>2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource</a><li><a href=
#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements>2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a><li><a href=#cors-settings-attributes>2.6.6 CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=#cors-enabled-fetch>2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch</a></ol><li><a href=#common-dom-interfaces>2.7 Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes>2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=#collections-2>2.7.2 Collections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-htmlallcollection-interface>2.7.2.1 The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface>2.7.2.2 The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmloptionscollection-interface>2.7.2.3 The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-htmlpropertiescollection-interface>2.7.2.4 The <code>HTMLPropertiesCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-domstringmap-interface>2.
7.3 The <code>DOMStringMap</code> interface</a><li><a href=#domelementmap>2.7.4 DOMElementMap</a><li><a href=#transferable-objects>2.7.5 Transferable objects</a><li><a href=#safe-passing-of-structured-data>2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data</a><li><a href=#callbacks>2.7.7 Callbacks</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection>2.7.8 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#namespaces>2.8 Namespaces</a></ol><li id=toc-dom><a href=#dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#documents>3.1 Documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-document-object>3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=#resource-metadata-management>3.1.2 Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=#dom-tree-accessors>3.1.3 DOM tree accessors</a><li><a href=#loading-xml-documents>3.1.4 Loading XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#elements>3.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#semantics-2>3.2.1 Semantics</a><li><a href=#elements-in-the-dom>3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=#element-def
initions>3.2.3 Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href=#attributes>3.2.3.1 Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#content-models>3.2.4 Content models</a><ol><li><a href=#the-nothing-content-model>3.2.4.1 The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=#kinds-of-content>3.2.4.2 Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=#metadata-content>3.2.4.2.1 Metadata content</a><li><a href=#flow-content>3.2.4.2.2 Flow content</a><li><a href=#sectioning-content>3.2.4.2.3 Sectioning content</a><li><a href=#heading-content>3.2.4.2.4 Heading content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content>3.2.4.2.5 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#embedded-content-2>3.2.4.2.6 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#interactive-content>3.2.4.2.7 Interactive content</a><li><a href=#palpable-content>3.2.4.2.8 Palpable content</a><li><a href=#script-supporting-elements>3.2.4.2.9 Script-supporting elements</a></ol><li><a href=#transparent-content-models>3.2.4.3 Transparent content models</a><li><a href=#paragraphs>3.2.4.4 Paragraphs</a></ol><li>
<a href=#global-attributes>3.2.5 Global attributes</a><ol><li><a href=#the-id-attribute>3.2.5.1 The <code>id</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute>3.2.5.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes>3.2.5.3 The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-translate-attribute>3.2.5.4 The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>3.2.5.5 The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a><li><a href=#the-dir-attribute>3.2.5.6 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#classes>3.2.5.7 The <code>class</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-style-attribute>3.2.5.8 The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes>3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm>3.2.6 Requirements relating to t
he bidirectional algorithm</a><ol><li><a href=#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters>3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a><li><a href=#user-agent-conformance-criteria>3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></ol><li><a href=#wai-aria>3.2.7 WAI-ARIA</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-semantics><a href=#semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=#the-root-element>4.1 The root element</a><ol><li><a href=#the-html-element>4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#document-metadata>4.2 Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-head-element>4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-title-element>4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-base-element>4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-link-element>4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meta-element>4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#
standard-metadata-names>4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a><li><a href=#other-metadata-names>4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a><li><a href=#pragma-directives>4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a><li><a href=#other-pragma-directives>4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives</a><li><a href=#charset>4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=#the-style-element>4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href=#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting>4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol><li><a href=#sections>4.3 Sections</a><ol><li><a href=#the-body-element>4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-article-element>4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-section-element>4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-nav-element>4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-aside-element>4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>4.3.6 The <code>h1</code
>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and
<code>h6</code> elements</a><li><a href=#the-hgroup-element>4.3.7 The <code>hgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-header-element>4.3.8 The <code>header</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-footer-element>4.3.9 The <code>footer</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-address-element>4.3.10 The <code>address</code> element</a><li><a href=#headings-and-sections>4.3.11 Headings and sections</a><ol><li><a href=#outlines>4.3.11.1 Creating an outline</a><li><a href=#sample-outlines>4.3.11.2 Sample outlines</a><li><a href=#exposing-outlines-to-users>4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users</a></ol><li><a href=#usage-summary-2>4.3.12 Usage summary</a><ol><li><a href=#article-or-section>4.3.12.1 Article or section?</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#grouping-content>4.4 Grouping content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-p-element>4.4.1 The <code>p</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element>4.4.2 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-pre-element>4.4.3 The <code>pre</code> element</a><li><a href=#t
he-blockquote-element>4.4.4 The <code>blockquote</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ol-element>4.4.5 The <code>ol</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ul-element>4.4.6 The <code>ul</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-li-element>4.4.7 The <code>li</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dl-element>4.4.8 The <code>dl</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dt-element>4.4.9 The <code>dt</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dd-element>4.4.10 The <code>dd</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-figure-element>4.4.11 The <code>figure</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-figcaption-element>4.4.12 The <code>figcaption</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-main-element>4.4.13 The <code>main</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-div-element>4.4.14 The <code>div</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#text-level-semantics>4.5 Text-level semantics</a><ol><li><a href=#the-a-element>4.5.1 The <code>a</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-em-element>4.5.2 The <code>em</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-strong-element>4.5.3
The <code>strong</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-small-element>4.5.4 The <code>small</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-s-element>4.5.5 The <code>s</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-cite-element>4.5.6 The <code>cite</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-q-element>4.5.7 The <code>q</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-dfn-element>4.5.8 The <code>dfn</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-abbr-element>4.5.9 The <code>abbr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-ruby-element>4.5.10 The <code>ruby</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-rt-element>4.5.11 The <code>rt</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-rp-element>4.5.12 The <code>rp</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-data-element>4.5.13 The <code>data</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-time-element>4.5.14 The <code>time</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-code-element>4.5.15 The <code>code</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-var-element>4.5.16 The <code>var</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-samp-element>4.5.17 The <code>samp</code> element</a><l
i><a href=#the-kbd-element>4.5.18 The <code>kbd</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>4.5.19 The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a><li><a href=#the-i-element>4.5.20 The <code>i</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-b-element>4.5.21 The <code>b</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-u-element>4.5.22 The <code>u</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-mark-element>4.5.23 The <code>mark</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-bdi-element>4.5.24 The <code>bdi</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-bdo-element>4.5.25 The <code>bdo</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-span-element>4.5.26 The <code>span</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-br-element>4.5.27 The <code>br</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-wbr-element>4.5.28 The <code>wbr</code> element</a><li><a href=#usage-summary>4.5.29 Usage summary</a></ol><li><a href=#links>4.6 Links</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-2>4.6.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements>4.6.2 Links created by <code>a
</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=#following-hyperlinks>4.6.3 Following hyperlinks</a><li><a href=#downloading-resources>4.6.4 Downloading resources</a><ol><li><a href=#hyperlink-auditing>4.6.4.1 Hyperlink auditing</a></ol><li><a href=#linkTypes>4.6.5 Link types</a><ol><li><a href=#rel-alternate>4.6.5.1 Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-author>4.6.5.2 Link type "<code>author</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-bookmark>4.6.5.3 Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-external>4.6.5.4 Link type "<code>external</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-help>4.6.5.5 Link type "<code>help</code>"</a><li><a href=#rel-icon>4.6.5.6 Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-license>4.6.5.7 Link type "<code>license</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-nofollow>4.6.5.8 Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>4.6.5.9 Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-pingback>4.
6.5.10 Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-prefetch>4.6.5.11 Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-search>4.6.5.12 Link type "<code>search</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-sidebar>4.6.5.13 Link type "<code>sidebar</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>4.6.5.14 Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-tag>4.6.5.15 Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a><li><a href=#sequential-link-types>4.6.5.16 Sequential link types</a><ol><li><a href=#link-type-next>4.6.5.16.1 Link type "<code>next</code>"</a><li><a href=#link-type-prev>4.6.5.16.2 Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ol><li><a href=#other-link-types>4.6.5.17 Other link types</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#edits>4.7 Edits</a><ol><li><a href=#the-ins-element>4.7.1 The <code>ins</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-del-element>4.7.2 The <code>del</code> element</a><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements>4.7.3 Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <co
de>del</code> elements</a><li><a href=#edits-and-paragraphs>4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs</a><li><a href=#edits-and-lists>4.7.5 Edits and lists</a><li><a href=#edits-and-tables>4.7.6 Edits and tables</a></ol><li><a href=#embedded-content>4.8 Embedded content</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-3>4.8.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#adaptive-images>4.8.1.1 Adaptive images</a></ol><li><a href=#dependencies-2>4.8.2 Dependencies</a><li><a href=#the-picture-element>4.8.3 The <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-source-element-when-used-with-the-picture-element>4.8.4 The <code>source</code> element when used with the <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-img-element>4.8.5 The <code>img</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#alt>4.8.5.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a><ol><li><a href=#general-guidelines>4.8.5.1.1 General guidelines</a><li><a href=#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image>4.8.5.1.2 A link or button conta
ining nothing but the image</a><li><a href=#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations>4.8.5.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a><li><a href=#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos>4.8.5.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a><li><a href=#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect>4.8.5.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a><li><a href=#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text>4.8.5.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a><li><a href=#ancillary-images>4.8.5.1.7 Ancillary images</a><li><a href="#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information">4.8.5.1.8 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a><li>
<a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links>4.8.5.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a><li><a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links>4.8.5.1.10 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a><li><a href=#a-key-part-of-the-content>4.8.5.1.11 A key part of the content</a><li><a href=#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user>4.8.5.1.12 An image not intended for the user</a><li><a href=#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images>4.8.5.1.13 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a><li><a href=#guidance-for-markup-generators>4.8.5.1.14 Guidance for markup generators</a><li><a href=#guidance-for-conformance-checkers>4.8.5.1.15 Guidance for conformance checkers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#the-iframe-element>4.8.6 The <code>iframe</code>
element</a><li><a href=#the-embed-element>4.8.7 The <code>embed</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-object-element>4.8.8 The <code>object</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-param-element>4.8.9 The <code>param</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-video-element>4.8.10 The <code>video</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-audio-element>4.8.11 The <code>audio</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-source-element>4.8.12 The <code>source</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-track-element>4.8.13 The <code>track</code> element</a><li><a href=#media-elements>4.8.14 Media elements</a><ol><li><a href=#error-codes>4.8.14.1 Error codes</a><li><a href=#location-of-the-media-resource>4.8.14.2 Location of the media resource</a><li><a href=#mime-types>4.8.14.3 MIME types</a><li><a href=#network-states>4.8.14.4 Network states</a><li><a href=#loading-the-media-resource>4.8.14.5 Loading the media resource</a><li><a href=#offsets-into-the-media-resource>4.8.14.6 Offsets into the media resource</a><li><a hr
ef=#ready-states>4.8.14.7 Ready states</a><li><a href=#playing-the-media-resource>4.8.14.8 Playing the media resource</a><li><a href=#seeking>4.8.14.9 Seeking</a><li><a href=#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks>4.8.14.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks</a><ol><li><a href=#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects>4.8.14.10.1 <code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a><li><a href=#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively>4.8.14.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=#synchronising-multiple-media-elements>4.8.14.11 Synchronising multiple media elements</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-4>4.8.14.11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#media-controllers>4.8.14.11.2 Media controllers</a><li><a href=#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively>4.8.14.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=#timed-text-tracks>4.8.14.12 Timed text tracks</a><ol><li><a href=#text
-track-model>4.8.14.12.1 Text track model</a><li><a href=#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks</a><li><a href=#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a><li><a href=#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues>4.8.14.12.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues</a><li><a href=#text-track-api>4.8.14.12.5 Text track API</a><li><a href=#text-tracks-describing-chapters>4.8.14.12.6 Text tracks describing chapters</a><li><a href=#cue-events>4.8.14.12.7 Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks>4.8.14.12.8 Best practices for metadata text tracks</a></ol><li><a href=#user-interface>4.8.14.13 User interface</a><li><a href=#time-ranges>4.8.14.14 Time ranges</a><li><a href=#the-trackevent-interface>4.8.14.15 The <code>TrackEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#mediaevents>4.8.14.16 Event summary</a><li
><a href=#security-and-privacy-considerations>4.8.14.17 Security and privacy considerations</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements>4.8.14.18 Best practices for authors using media elements</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements>4.8.14.19 Best practices for implementors of media elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-map-element>4.8.15 The <code>map</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-area-element>4.8.16 The <code>area</code> element</a><li><a href=#image-maps>4.8.17 Image maps</a><ol><li><a href=#authoring>4.8.17.1 Authoring</a><li><a href=#processing-model-2>4.8.17.2 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#mathml>4.8.18 MathML</a><li><a href=#svg>4.8.19 SVG</a><li><a href=#dimension-attributes>4.8.20 Dimension attributes</a></ol><li><a href=#tables>4.9 Tabular data</a><ol><li><a href=#the-table-element>4.9.1 The <code>table</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#table-descriptions-techniques>4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables</a
><li><a href=#table-layout-techniques>4.9.1.2 Techniques for table design</a></ol><li><a href=#the-caption-element>4.9.2 The <code>caption</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-colgroup-element>4.9.3 The <code>colgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-col-element>4.9.4 The <code>col</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tbody-element>4.9.5 The <code>tbody</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-thead-element>4.9.6 The <code>thead</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tfoot-element>4.9.7 The <code>tfoot</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-tr-element>4.9.8 The <code>tr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-td-element>4.9.9 The <code>td</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-th-element>4.9.10 The <code>th</code> element</a><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements>4.9.11 Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a><li><a href=#processing-model-3>4.9.12 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#forming-a-table>4.9.12.1 Forming a table</a><li><a href=#header-and-data-c
ell-semantics>4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></ol><li><a href=#table-sorting-model>4.9.13 Table sorting model</a><li><a href=#table-examples>4.9.14 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#forms>4.10 Forms</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-5>4.10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="#writing-a-form's-user-interface">4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface</a><li><a href=#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form>4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a><li><a href=#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server>4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a><li><a href=#client-side-form-validation>4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation</a><li><a href=#enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls>4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</a><li><a href=#improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices>4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices</a><li><a href=#th
e-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality>4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</a><li><a href=#input-author-notes>4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats</a></ol><li><a href=#categories>4.10.2 Categories</a><li><a href=#the-form-element>4.10.3 The <code>form</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-label-element>4.10.4 The <code>label</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element>4.10.5 The <code>input</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#states-of-the-type-attribute>4.10.5.1 States of the <code>type</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)">4.10.5.1.1 Hidden state (<code>type=hidden</code>)</a><li><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">4.10.5.1.2 Text (<code>type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code>type=search</code>)</a><li><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)">4.10.5.1.3 Telephone state (<code>type=tel</code>)</a><li><a
href="#url-state-(type=url)">4.10.5.1.4 URL state (<code>type=url</code>)</a><li><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)">4.10.5.1.5 E-mail state (<code>type=email</code>)</a><li><a href="#password-state-(type=password)">4.10.5.1.6 Password state (<code>type=password</code>)</a><li><a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)">4.10.5.1.7 Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime</code>)</a><li><a href="#date-state-(type=date)">4.10.5.1.8 Date state (<code>type=date</code>)</a><li><a href="#month-state-(type=month)">4.10.5.1.9 Month state (<code>type=month</code>)</a><li><a href="#week-state-(type=week)">4.10.5.1.10 Week state (<code>type=week</code>)</a><li><a href="#time-state-(type=time)">4.10.5.1.11 Time state (<code>type=time</code>)</a><li><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">4.10.5.1.12 Local Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime-local</code>)</a><li><a href="#number-state-(type=number)">4.10.5.1.13 Number state (<code>type=number</code>)</a><li><a
href="#range-state-(type=range)">4.10.5.1.14 Range state (<code>type=range</code>)</a><li><a href="#colour-state-(type=color)">4.10.5.1.15 Colour state (<code>type=color</code>)</a><li><a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)">4.10.5.1.16 Checkbox state (<code>type=checkbox</code>)</a><li><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)">4.10.5.1.17 Radio Button state (<code>type=radio</code>)</a><li><a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)">4.10.5.1.18 File Upload state (<code>type=file</code>)</a><li><a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)">4.10.5.1.19 Submit Button state (<code>type=submit</code>)</a><li><a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)">4.10.5.1.20 Image Button state (<code>type=image</code>)</a><li><a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)">4.10.5.1.21 Reset Button state (<code>type=reset</code>)</a><li><a href="#button-state-(type=button)">4.10.5.1.22 Button state (<code>type=button</code>)</a></ol><li><a href=#input-impl-notes>4.10.5.2 Implemention notes regardi
ng localization of form controls</a><li><a href=#common-input-element-attributes>4.10.5.3 Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a><ol><li><a href=#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes>4.10.5.3.1 The <code>maxlength</code> and <code>minlength</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-size-attribute>4.10.5.3.2 The <code>size</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-readonly-attribute>4.10.5.3.3 The <code>readonly</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-required-attribute>4.10.5.3.4 The <code>required</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-multiple-attribute>4.10.5.3.5 The <code>multiple</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-pattern-attribute>4.10.5.3.6 The <code>pattern</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-min-and-max-attributes>4.10.5.3.7 The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> attributes</a><li><a href=#the-step-attribute>4.10.5.3.8 The <code>step</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-list-attribute>4.10.5.3.9 The <code>list</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-placeholder-attr
ibute>4.10.5.3.10 The <code>placeholder</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=#common-input-element-apis>4.10.5.4 Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a><li><a href=#common-input-element-events>4.10.5.5 Common event behaviors</a></ol><li><a href=#the-button-element>4.10.6 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element>4.10.7 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-datalist-element>4.10.8 The <code>datalist</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-optgroup-element>4.10.9 The <code>optgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-option-element>4.10.10 The <code>option</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element>4.10.11 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element>4.10.12 The <code>keygen</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-output-element>4.10.13 The <code>output</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element>4.10.14 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element>4.10.15 The <code>meter</code> elem
ent</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-element>4.10.16 The <code>fieldset</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-legend-element>4.10.17 The <code>legend</code> element</a><li><a href=#form-control-infrastructure>4.10.18 Form control infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href="#a-form-control's-value">4.10.18.1 A form control's value</a><li><a href=#mutability>4.10.18.2 Mutability</a><li><a href=#association-of-controls-and-forms>4.10.18.3 Association of controls and forms</a></ol><li><a href=#attributes-common-to-form-controls>4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls</a><ol><li><a href=#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute>4.10.19.1 Naming form controls: the <code>name</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute>4.10.19.2 Submitting element directionality: the <code>dirname</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute>4.10.19.3 Limiting user input length: the <code>maxlength</code> attribute</a><li><a h
ref=#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute>4.10.19.4 Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code>minlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute>4.10.19.5 Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code>disabled</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#form-submission>4.10.19.6 Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=#autofocusing-a-form-control:-the-autofocus-attribute>4.10.19.6.1 Autofocusing a form control: the <code>autofocus</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=#input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute>4.10.19.7 Input modalities: the <code>inputmode</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#autofill>4.10.19.8 Autofill</a><ol><li><a href=#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute>4.10.19.8.1 Autofilling form controls: the <code>autocomplete</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-4>4.10.19.8.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#user-interface-for-bulk-autofill>4.10.19.8.3 User in
terface for bulk autofill</a><li><a href=#the-autocompleteerrorevent-interface>4.10.19.8.4 The <code>AutocompleteErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#textFieldSelection>4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections</a><li><a href=#constraints>4.10.21 Constraints</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions>4.10.21.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#constraint-validation>4.10.21.2 Constraint validation</a><li><a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API</a><li><a href=#security-forms>4.10.21.4 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#form-submission-2>4.10.22 Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-6>4.10.22.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#implicit-submission>4.10.22.2 Implicit submission</a><li><a href=#form-submission-algorithm>4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm</a><li><a href=#constructing-form-data-set>4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set</a><li><a href=#selecting-a-form-submission-encoding>4.10.22.5 Selecting a form submission encoding</a>
<li><a href=#url-encoded-form-data>4.10.22.6 URL-encoded form data</a><li><a href=#multipart-form-data>4.10.22.7 Multipart form data</a><li><a href=#plain-text-form-data>4.10.22.8 Plain text form data</a></ol><li><a href=#resetting-a-form>4.10.23 Resetting a form</a></ol><li><a href=#interactive-elements>4.11 Interactive elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-details-element>4.11.1 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-summary-element>4.11.2 The <code>summary</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-menu-element>4.11.3 The <code>menu</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-menuitem-element>4.11.4 The <code>menuitem</code> element</a><li><a href=#context-menus>4.11.5 Context menus</a><ol><li><a href=#declaring-a-context-menu>4.11.5.1 Declaring a context menu</a><li><a href=#processing-model-5>4.11.5.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#the-relatedevent-interfaces>4.11.5.3 The <code>RelatedEvent</code> interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#commands>4.11.6 Commands</a><ol><li><a href=#fa
cets-2>4.11.6.1 Facets</a><li><a href=#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.2 Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.3 Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.4 Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.5 Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-menuitem-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.6 Using the <code>menuitem</code> element to define a
command</a><li><a href=#using-the-command-attribute-on-menuitem-elements-to-define-a-command-indirectly>4.11.6.7 Using the <code>command</code> attribute on <code>menuitem</code> elements to define
a command indirectly</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-label-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.8 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute
on a <code>label</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.6.9 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute
on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements>4.11.6.10 Using the <code>accesskey</code>
- attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dialog-element>4.11.7 The <code>dialog</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#anchor-points>4.11.7.1 Anchor points</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#scripting-3>4.12 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#the-script-element>4.12.1 The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#scriptingLanguages>4.12.1.1 Scripting languages</a><li><a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts</a><li><a href=#scriptTagXSLT>4.12.1.4 Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#the-noscript-element>4.12.2 The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-template-element>4.12.3 The <code>template</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#template-XSLT-XPath>4.12.3.1 Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath
</a></ol><li><a href=#the-canvas-element>4.12.4 The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#proxying-canvases-to-workers>4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers</a><li><a href=#2dcontext>4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=#implementation-notes>4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes</a><li><a href=#the-canvas-state>4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state</a><li><a href=#drawingstyle-objects>4.12.4.2.3 <code>DrawingStyle</code> objects</a><li><a href=#line-styles>4.12.4.2.4 Line styles</a><li><a href=#text-styles>4.12.4.2.5 Text styles</a><li><a href=#building-paths>4.12.4.2.6 Building paths</a><li><a href=#path2d-objects>4.12.4.2.7 <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=#transformations>4.12.4.2.8 Transformations</a><li><a href=#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts>4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=#fill-and-stroke-styles>4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangl
es to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas>4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=#drawing-images>4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images</a><li><a href=#hit-regions>4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions</a><li><a href=#pixel-manipulation>4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=#compositing>4.12.4.2.17 Compositing</a><li><a href=#image-smoothing>4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing</a><li><a href=#shadows>4.12.4.2.19 Shadows</a><li><a href=#drawing-model>4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model</a><li><a href=#best-practices>4.12.4.2.21 Best practices</a><li><a href=#examples>4.12.4.2.22 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#colour-spaces-and-colour-correction>4.12.4.3 Colour spaces and colour correction</a><li><a href=#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file>4.12.4.4 Serialising bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=#security-with-canvas-elements>4.12.4.5 Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#com
mon-idioms>4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-main-part-of-the-content>4.13.1 The main part of the content</a><li><a href=#rel-up>4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation</a><li><a href=#tag-clouds>4.13.3 Tag clouds</a><li><a href=#conversations>4.13.4 Conversations</a><li><a href=#footnotes>4.13.5 Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=#disabled-elements>4.14 Disabled elements</a><li><a href=#selectors>4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors</a><ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity>4.15.1 Case-sensitivity</a><li><a href=#pseudo-classes>4.15.2 Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#microdata>5 Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-7>5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#overview>5.1.1 Overview</a><li><a href=#the-basic-syntax>5.1.2 The basic syntax</a><li><a href=#typed-items>5.1.3 Typed items</a><li><a href=#global-identifiers-for-items>5.1.4 Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies>5.1.5 Selecting names wh
en defining vocabularies</a><li><a href=#using-the-microdata-dom-api>5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API</a></ol><li><a href=#encoding-microdata>5.2 Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-microdata-model>5.2.1 The microdata model</a><li><a href=#items>5.2.2 Items</a><li><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>5.2.3 Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#values>5.2.4 Values</a><li><a href=#associating-names-with-items>5.2.5 Associating names with items</a><li><a href=#microdata-and-other-namespaces>5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#microdata-dom-api>5.3 Microdata DOM API</a><li><a href=#mdvocabs>5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=#vcard>5.4.1 vCard</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-vcard>5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=#examples-2>5.4.1.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#vevent>5.4.2 vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-icalendar>5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=#examples-3>5.4.2.2 Exampl
es</a></ol><li><a href=#licensing-works>5.4.3 Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-4>5.4.3.1 Examples</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#converting-html-to-other-formats>5.5 Converting HTML to other formats</a><ol><li><a href=#json>5.5.1 JSON</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#editing>6 User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>6.1 The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#inert-subtrees>6.2 Inert subtrees</a><li><a href=#activation>6.3 Activation</a><li><a href=#focus>6.4 Focus</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-8>6.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#data-model>6.4.2 Data model</a><li><a href=#the-tabindex-attribute>6.4.3 The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-6>6.4.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>6.4.5 Sequential focus navigation</a><li><a href=#focus-management-apis>6.4.6 Focus management APIs</a></ol><li><a href=#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts>6.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a><ol><li><a href=#introdu
ction-9>6.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>6.5.2 The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-7>6.5.3 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#editing-2>6.6 Editing</a><ol><li><a href=#contenteditable>6.6.1 Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute>6.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The <code>designMode</code> IDL attribute</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-in-page-editors>6.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=#editing-apis>6.6.4 Editing APIs</a><li><a href=#spelling-and-grammar-checking>6.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking</a></ol><li><a href=#dnd>6.7 Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-10>6.7.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-drag-data-store>6.7.2 The drag data store</a><li><a href=#the-datatransfer-interface>6.7.3 The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=
#the-datatransferitemlist-interface>6.7.3.1 The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-datatransferitem-interface>6.7.3.2 The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dragevent-interface>6.7.4 The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#drag-and-drop-processing-model>6.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model</a><li><a href=#dndevents>6.7.6 Events summary</a><li><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>6.7.7 The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>6.7.8 The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model>6.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><ol><li><a href=#windows>7.1 Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#nested-browsing-contexts>7.1.1 Nested browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></o
l><li><a href=#auxiliary-browsing-contexts>7.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#secondary-browsing-contexts>7.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#security-nav>7.1.4 Security</a><li><a href=#groupings-of-browsing-contexts>7.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browsing-context-names>7.1.6 Browsing context names</a></ol><li><a href=#the-window-object>7.2 The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#security-window>7.2.1 Security</a><li><a href=#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name>7.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a><li><a href=#accessing-other-browsing-contexts>7.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#named-access-on-the-window-object>7.2.4 Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-and-browsing
-contexts>7.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#closing-browsing-contexts>7.2.6 Closing browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browser-interface-elements>7.2.7 Browser interface elements</a><li><a href=#the-windowproxy-object>7.2.8 The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ol><li><a href=#origin>7.3 Origin</a><ol><li><a href=#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction>7.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=#sandboxing>7.4 Sandboxing</a><li><a href=#history>7.5 Session history and navigation</a><ol><li><a href=#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts>7.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#the-history-interface>7.5.2 The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-location-interface>7.5.3 The <code>Location</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#security-location>7.5.3.1 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#history-notes>7.5.4 Implementation notes for session history</a></ol><li><a href=#browsing-the-web>7.6 Browsing
the Web</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-across-documents>7.6.1 Navigating across documents</a><li><a href=#read-html>7.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files</a><li><a href=#read-xml>7.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files</a><li><a href=#read-text>7.6.4 Page load processing model for text files</a><li><a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace>7.6.5 Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a><li><a href=#read-media>7.6.6 Page load processing model for media</a><li><a href=#read-plugin>7.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a><li><a href=#read-ua-inline>7.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
- content that doesn't have a DOM</a><li><a href=#scroll-to-fragid>7.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier</a><li><a href=#history-traversal>7.6.10 History traversal</a><ol><li><a href=#the-popstateevent-interface>7.6.10.1 The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-hashchangeevent-interface>7.6.10.2 The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-pagetransitionevent-interface>7.6.10.3 The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#unloading-documents>7.6.11 Unloading documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-beforeunloadevent-interface>7.6.11.1 The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#aborting-a-document-load>7.6.12 Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=#offline>7.7 Offline Web applications</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-11>7.7.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications>7.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a><li><a href=#appcache
events>7.7.1.2 Event summary</a></ol><li><a href=#appcache>7.7.2 Application caches</a><li><a href=#manifests>7.7.3 The cache manifest syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#some-sample-manifests>7.7.3.1 Some sample manifests</a><li><a href=#writing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests</a><li><a href=#parsing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests</a></ol><li><a href=#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache>7.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache</a><li><a href=#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm>7.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm</a><li><a href=#changesToNetworkingModel>7.7.6 Changes to the networking model</a><li><a href=#expiring-application-caches>7.7.7 Expiring application caches</a><li><a href=#disk-space>7.7.8 Disk space</a><li><a href=#security-concerns-with-offline-applications-caches>7.7.9 Security concerns with offline applications caches</a><li><a href=#application-cache-api>7.7.10 Application cache API</a><li><a href=#
browser-state>7.7.11 Browser state</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=#scripting>8.1 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-12>8.1.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-scripting>8.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting</a><li><a href=#processing-model-8>8.1.3 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-2>8.1.3.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts>8.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#calling-scripts>8.1.3.3 Calling scripts</a><li><a href=#creating-scripts>8.1.3.4 Creating scripts</a><li><a href=#killing-scripts>8.1.3.5 Killing scripts</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors>8.1.3.6 Runtime script errors</a><ol><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-in-documents>8.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents</a><li><a href=#the-errorevent-interface>8.1.3.6.2 The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#event-loops>8.1.4 Event loops</a><ol><li><
a href=#definitions-3>8.1.4.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#processing-model-9>8.1.4.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#generic-task-sources>8.1.4.3 Generic task sources</a></ol><li><a href=#events>8.1.5 Events</a><ol><li><a href=#event-handler-attributes>8.1.5.1 Event handlers</a><li><a href=#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects>8.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=#idl-definitions>8.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions</a></ol><li><a href=#event-firing>8.1.5.3 Event firing</a><li><a href=#events-and-the-window-object>8.1.5.4 Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#atob>8.2 Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>8.3 Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=#opening-the-input-stream>8.3.1 Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=#closing-the-input-stream>8.3.2 Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=#document.write()>8.3.3 <code
>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=#document.writeln()>8.3.4 <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#timers>8.4 Timers</a><li><a href=#user-prompts>8.5 User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=#simple-dialogs>8.5.1 Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=#printing>8.5.2 Printing</a><li><a href=#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents>8.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents with <code>showModalDialog()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#system-state-and-capabilities>8.6 System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=#the-navigator-object>8.6.1 The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#client-identification>8.6.1.1 Client identification</a><li><a href=#language-preferences>8.6.1.2 Language preferences</a><li><a href=#custom-handlers>8.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>registerContentHandler()</code> methods</a><ol><li><a href=#security-and-privacy>8.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy</a><li><a href=#s
ample-handler-impl>8.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface</a></ol><li><a href=#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex>8.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex</a><li><a href=#plugins-2>8.6.1.5 Plugins</a></ol><li><a href=#the-external-interface>8.6.2 The <code>External</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#images>8.7 Images</a></ol><li><a href=#comms>9 Communication</a><ol><li><a href=#the-messageevent-interfaces>9.1 The <code>MessageEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#server-sent-events>9.2 Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=#server-sent-events-intro>9.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-eventsource-interface>9.2.2 The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=#processing-model-10>9.2.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=#parsing-an-event-stream>9.2.4 Parsing an event stream</a><li><a href=#event-stream-interpretation>9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream</a><li><a href=#authoring-notes>9.2.6 Authoring notes</a><li><a href=#eventsource-push>9.2.7 Connectionless push an
d other features</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-2>9.2.8 Garbage collection</a><li><a href=#implementation-advice>9.2.9 Implementation advice</a><li><a href=#iana-considerations>9.2.10 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/event-stream>9.2.10.1 <code>text/event-stream</code></a><li><a href=#last-event-id>9.2.10.2 <code>Last-Event-ID</code></a></ol></ol><li><a href=#network>9.3 Web sockets</a><ol><li><a href=#network-intro>9.3.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-websocket-interface>9.3.2 The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a><li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol>9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol</a><li><a href=#ping-and-pong-frames>9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames</a><li><a href=#parsing-websocket-urls>9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs</a><li><a href=#the-closeevent-interfaces>9.3.6 The <code>CloseEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-3>9.3.7 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#web-messaging>9.4 Cross-document messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introducti
on-13>9.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#security-postmsg>9.4.2 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#authors>9.4.2.1 Authors</a><li><a href=#user-agents>9.4.2.2 User agents</a></ol><li><a href=#posting-messages>9.4.3 Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=#channel-messaging>9.5 Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-14>9.5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-5>9.5.1.1 Examples</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web>9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations>9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=#message-channels>9.5.2 Message channels</a><li><a href=#message-ports>9.5.3 Message ports</a><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-many-ports>9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports</a><li><a href=#ports-and-garbage-collection>9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-oth
er-browsing-contexts>9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li><a href=#workers>10 Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-15>10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#scope-2>10.1.1 Scope</a><li><a href=#examples-6>10.1.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=#a-background-number-crunching-worker>10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=#worker-used-for-background-i/o>10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-introduction>10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker>10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=#delegation>10.1.2.5 Delegation</a></ol><li><a href=#tutorials>10.1.3 Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#shared-workers>10.1.3.3 Shared workers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#infrastructure
-2>10.2 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#the-global-scope>10.2.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface>10.2.1.1 The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#worker-event-loop>10.2.2 The event loop</a><li><a href="#the-worker's-lifetime">10.2.3 The worker's lifetime</a><li><a href=#processing-model-11>10.2.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-2>10.2.5 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=#creating-workers>10.2.6 Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=#the-abstractworker-abstract-interface>10.2.6.1 The <code>AbstractWorker</code> abstract interface</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for
-workers>10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface>10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface>10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#apis-available-to-workers>10.3 APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=#importing-scripts-and-libraries>10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries</a><li><a href=#the-workernavigator-object>10.3.2 The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> object</a><li><a href=#worker-locations>10.3.3 Worker locations</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#webstorage>11 Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-16>11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#storage>11.2 The API</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storage-interface>11.2.1 The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-sessionstorage-attribute>11.2.2 The <code>sessionStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-localstorage-attribute>11.2
.3 The <code>localStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-storage-event>11.2.4 The <code>storage</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storageevent-interface>11.2.4.1 The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#threads>11.2.5 Threads</a></ol><li><a href=#disk-space-2>11.3 Disk space</a><li><a href=#privacy>11.4 Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=#user-tracking>11.4.1 User tracking</a><li><a href=#sensitivity-of-data>11.4.2 Sensitivity of data</a></ol><li><a href=#security-storage>11.5 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#dns-spoofing-attacks>11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=#cross-directory-attacks>11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks</a><li><a href=#implementation-risks>11.5.3 Implementation risks</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing>12.1 Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-doctype>12.1.1 The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=#elements-2>12.1.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=#start-tags>12.1.2.1 Start tags</a><li><a href=#end
-tags>12.1.2.2 End tags</a><li><a href=#attributes-2>12.1.2.3 Attributes</a><li><a href=#optional-tags>12.1.2.4 Optional tags</a><li><a href=#element-restrictions>12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=#text-2>12.1.3 Text</a><ol><li><a href=#newlines>12.1.3.1 Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=#character-references>12.1.4 Character references</a><li><a href=#cdata-sections>12.1.5 CDATA sections</a><li><a href=#comments>12.1.6 Comments</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing>12.2 Parsing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#overview-of-the-parsing-model>12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model</a><li><a href=#the-input-byte-stream>12.2.2 The input byte stream</a><ol><li><a href=#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding>12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding</a><li><a href=#determining-the-character-encoding>12.2.2.2 Determining the character encod
ing</a><li><a href=#character-encodings>12.2.2.3 Character encodings</a><li><a href=#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing>12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing</a><li><a href=#preprocessing-the-input-stream>12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol><li><a href=#parse-state>12.2.3 Parse state</a><ol><li><a href=#the-insertion-mode>12.2.3.1 The insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-stack-of-open-elements>12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements</a><li><a href=#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements</a><li><a href=#the-element-pointers>12.2.3.4 The element pointers</a><li><a href=#other-parsing-state-flags>12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags</a></ol><li><a href=#tokenization>12.2.4 Tokenization</a><ol><li><a href=#data-state>12.2.4.1 Data state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-data-state>12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-state>12.2.4.3 RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-rcd
ata-state>12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-state>12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state</a><li><a href=#script-data-state>12.2.4.6 Script data state</a><li><a href=#plaintext-state>12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state</a><li><a href=#tag-open-state>12.2.4.8 Tag open state</a><li><a href=#end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.9 End tag open state</a><li><a href=#tag-name-state>12.2.4.10 Tag name state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state</a><li><a href=
#script-data-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-state>12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-state>12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>12.2.4.2
8 Script data double escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state>12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state</a><li><a href=#attribute-name-state>12.2.4.35 Attribute name state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.36 After attribute name state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a><li>
<a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state</a><li><a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state</a><li><a href=#bogus-comment-state>12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state</a><li><a href=#markup-declaration-open-state>12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-state>12.2.4.46 Comment start state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-dash-state>12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-state>12.2.4.48 Comment state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-dash-state>12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-state>12.2.4.50 Comment end state</a><li><a href=#comm
ent-end-bang-state>12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state</a><li><a href=#doctype-state>12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#doctype-name-state>12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state>12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identif
iers state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#bogus-doctype-state>12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#cdata-section-state>12.2.4.68 CDATA section state</a><li><a href=#tokenizing-character-references>12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references</a></ol><li><a href=#tree-construction>12.2.5 Tree construction</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-and-inserting-nodes>12.2.5.1 Creating and inserting nodes</a><li><a href=#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text>12.
2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text</a><li><a href=#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags>12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhtml>12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhead>12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript>12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inbody>12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incdata>12.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intable>12.2.5.4.9 The "in table"
insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intabletext>12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incaption>12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup>12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intbody>12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intr>12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intd>12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselect>12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable>12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intemplate>12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterbody>12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inframeset>12.2.5.4.20 The "in frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset>12.2.5.
4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing-main-inforeign>12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol><li><a href=#the-end>12.2.6 The end</a><li><a href=#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset>12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a><li><a href=#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser>12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a><ol><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i>12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></a><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></a><li><a href=#unexpected-markup-in-tables>12.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables</a><li><a href=#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed
>12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a><li><a href=#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents>12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a><li><a href=#unclosed-formatting-elements>12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#serialising-html-fragments>12.3 Serialising HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-html-fragments>12.4 Parsing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#named-character-references>12.5 Named character references</a></ol><li><a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-xhtml-documents>13.1 Writing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-documents>13.2 Parsing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#serialising-xhtml-fragments>13.3 Serialising XHTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-fragments>13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ol><li><a href=#rendering>14 Rendering</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-17>14.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=
#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints>14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a><li><a href=#non-replaced-elements>14.3 Non-replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#hidden-elements>14.3.1 Hidden elements</a><li><a href=#the-page>14.3.2 The page</a><li><a href=#flow-content-3>14.3.3 Flow content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content-3>14.3.4 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#bidi-rendering>14.3.5 Bidirectional text</a><li><a href=#quotes>14.3.6 Quotes</a><li><a href=#sections-and-headings>14.3.7 Sections and headings</a><li><a href=#lists>14.3.8 Lists</a><li><a href=#tables-2>14.3.9 Tables</a><li><a href=#margin-collapsing-quirks>14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks</a><li><a href=#form-controls>14.3.11 Form controls</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element-2>14.3.12 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements>14.3.13 The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol><li><a href=#replaced-elements>14.4 Replac
ed elements</a><ol><li><a href=#embedded-content-rendering-rules>14.4.1 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#images-2>14.4.2 Images</a><li><a href=#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images>14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images</a><li><a href=#image-maps-2>14.4.4 Image maps</a></ol><li><a href=#bindings>14.5 Bindings</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-18>14.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-button-element-2>14.5.2 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-details-element-2>14.5.3 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>14.5.4 The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>14.5.5 The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-range-control>14.5.6 The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-colour-well>14.5.7 The <code>input</code> element as a col
our well</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets>14.5.8 The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control>14.5.9 The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-button>14.5.10 The <code>input</code> element as a button</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element>14.5.11 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element-2>14.5.12 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element-2>14.5.13 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element-2>14.5.14 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element-2>14.5.15 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element-2>14.5.16 The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#frames-and-framesets>14.6 Frames and framesets</a><li><a href=#interactive-media>14.7 Interactive media</a><ol><li><a href
=#links,-forms,-and-navigation>14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute-2>14.7.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#editing-hosts>14.7.3 Editing hosts</a><li><a href=#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces>14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#print-media>14.8 Print media</a><li><a href=#unstyled-xml-documents>14.9 Unstyled XML documents</a></ol><li><a href=#obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=#obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1 Obsolete but conforming features</a><ol><li><a href=#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=#non-conforming-features>15.2 Non-conforming features</a><li><a href=#requirements-for-implementations>15.3 Requirements for implementations</a><ol><li><a href=#the-applet-element>15.3.1 The <code>applet</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element-2>15.3.2 The <code>marquee</code> ele
ment</a><li><a href=#frames>15.3.3 Frames</a><li><a href=#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis>15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#iana>16 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/html>16.1 <code>text/html</code></a><li><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>16.2 <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a><li><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>16.3 <code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a><li><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>16.4 <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a><li><a href=#text/cache-manifest>16.5 <code>text/cache-manifest</code></a><li><a href=#text/ping>16.6 <code>text/ping</code></a><li><a href=#application/microdata+json>16.7 <code>application/microdata+json</code></a><li><a href=#ping-from>16.8 <code>Ping-From</code></a><li><a href=#ping-to>16.9 <code>Ping-To</code></a><li><a href=#web+-scheme-prefix>16.10 <code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol><li><a href=#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=#elements-3>Elements</a><li><
a href=#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=#element-interfaces>Element Interfaces</a><li><a href=#all-interfaces>All Interfaces</a><li><a href=#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=#mime-types-2>MIME Types</a></ol><li><a href=#references>References</a><li><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
+ attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dialog-element>4.11.7 The <code>dialog</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#anchor-points>4.11.7.1 Anchor points</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#scripting-3>4.12 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#the-script-element>4.12.1 The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#scriptingLanguages>4.12.1.1 Scripting languages</a><li><a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts</a><li><a href=#scriptTagXSLT>4.12.1.4 Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=#the-noscript-element>4.12.2 The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-template-element>4.12.3 The <code>template</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#template-XSLT-XPath>4.12.3.1 Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath
</a></ol><li><a href=#the-canvas-element>4.12.4 The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=#proxying-canvases-to-workers>4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers</a><li><a href=#2dcontext>4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=#implementation-notes>4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes</a><li><a href=#the-canvas-state>4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state</a><li><a href=#drawingstyle-objects>4.12.4.2.3 <code>DrawingStyle</code> objects</a><li><a href=#line-styles>4.12.4.2.4 Line styles</a><li><a href=#text-styles>4.12.4.2.5 Text styles</a><li><a href=#building-paths>4.12.4.2.6 Building paths</a><li><a href=#path2d-objects>4.12.4.2.7 <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=#transformations>4.12.4.2.8 Transformations</a><li><a href=#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts>4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=#fill-and-stroke-styles>4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangl
es to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap>4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas>4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=#drawing-images>4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images</a><li><a href=#hit-regions>4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions</a><li><a href=#pixel-manipulation>4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=#compositing>4.12.4.2.17 Compositing</a><li><a href=#image-smoothing>4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing</a><li><a href=#shadows>4.12.4.2.19 Shadows</a><li><a href=#drawing-model>4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model</a><li><a href=#best-practices>4.12.4.2.21 Best practices</a><li><a href=#examples>4.12.4.2.22 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#colour-spaces-and-colour-correction>4.12.4.3 Colour spaces and colour correction</a><li><a href=#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file>4.12.4.4 Serialising bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=#security-with-canvas-elements>4.12.4.5 Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#com
mon-idioms>4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=#the-main-part-of-the-content>4.13.1 The main part of the content</a><li><a href=#rel-up>4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation</a><li><a href=#tag-clouds>4.13.3 Tag clouds</a><li><a href=#conversations>4.13.4 Conversations</a><li><a href=#footnotes>4.13.5 Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=#disabled-elements>4.14 Disabled elements</a><li><a href=#selectors>4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors</a><ol><li><a href=#case-sensitivity>4.15.1 Case-sensitivity</a><li><a href=#pseudo-classes>4.15.2 Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-microdata><a href=#microdata>5 Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-7>5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#overview>5.1.1 Overview</a><li><a href=#the-basic-syntax>5.1.2 The basic syntax</a><li><a href=#typed-items>5.1.3 Typed items</a><li><a href=#global-identifiers-for-items>5.1.4 Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies>5.1.5 S
electing names when defining vocabularies</a><li><a href=#using-the-microdata-dom-api>5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API</a></ol><li><a href=#encoding-microdata>5.2 Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=#the-microdata-model>5.2.1 The microdata model</a><li><a href=#items>5.2.2 Items</a><li><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>5.2.3 Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#values>5.2.4 Values</a><li><a href=#associating-names-with-items>5.2.5 Associating names with items</a><li><a href=#microdata-and-other-namespaces>5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=#microdata-dom-api>5.3 Microdata DOM API</a><li><a href=#mdvocabs>5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=#vcard>5.4.1 vCard</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-vcard>5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=#examples-2>5.4.1.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#vevent>5.4.2 vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=#conversion-to-icalendar>5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=#examples
-3>5.4.2.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=#licensing-works>5.4.3 Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-4>5.4.3.1 Examples</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#converting-html-to-other-formats>5.5 Converting HTML to other formats</a><ol><li><a href=#json>5.5.1 JSON</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-editing><a href=#editing>6 User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>6.1 The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#inert-subtrees>6.2 Inert subtrees</a><li><a href=#activation>6.3 Activation</a><li><a href=#focus>6.4 Focus</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-8>6.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#data-model>6.4.2 Data model</a><li><a href=#the-tabindex-attribute>6.4.3 The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-6>6.4.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>6.4.5 Sequential focus navigation</a><li><a href=#focus-management-apis>6.4.6 Focus management APIs</a></ol><li><a href=#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts>6.5 Assigning keyboard short
cuts</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-9>6.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>6.5.2 The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#processing-model-7>6.5.3 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=#editing-2>6.6 Editing</a><ol><li><a href=#contenteditable>6.6.1 Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute>6.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The <code>designMode</code> IDL attribute</a><li><a href=#best-practices-for-in-page-editors>6.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=#editing-apis>6.6.4 Editing APIs</a><li><a href=#spelling-and-grammar-checking>6.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking</a></ol><li><a href=#dnd>6.7 Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-10>6.7.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-drag-data-store>6.7.2 The drag data store</a><li><a href=#the-datatransfer-interface>6.7.3 The <code>DataTransfer</cod
e> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#the-datatransferitemlist-interface>6.7.3.1 The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-datatransferitem-interface>6.7.3.2 The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#the-dragevent-interface>6.7.4 The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#drag-and-drop-processing-model>6.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model</a><li><a href=#dndevents>6.7.6 Events summary</a><li><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>6.7.7 The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>6.7.8 The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model>6.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-browsers><a href=#browsers>7 Loading Web pages</a><ol><li><a href=#windows>7.1 Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#nested-browsing-contexts>7.1.1 Nested browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.1.1 Navig
ating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#auxiliary-browsing-contexts>7.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol><li><a href=#secondary-browsing-contexts>7.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#security-nav>7.1.4 Security</a><li><a href=#groupings-of-browsing-contexts>7.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browsing-context-names>7.1.6 Browsing context names</a></ol><li><a href=#the-window-object>7.2 The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#security-window>7.2.1 Security</a><li><a href=#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name>7.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a><li><a href=#accessing-other-browsing-contexts>7.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#named-access-on-the-window-object>7.2.4 Named access on the <code>Window</code> object
</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts>7.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#closing-browsing-contexts>7.2.6 Closing browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#browser-interface-elements>7.2.7 Browser interface elements</a><li><a href=#the-windowproxy-object>7.2.8 The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ol><li><a href=#origin>7.3 Origin</a><ol><li><a href=#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction>7.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=#sandboxing>7.4 Sandboxing</a><li><a href=#history>7.5 Session history and navigation</a><ol><li><a href=#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts>7.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#the-history-interface>7.5.2 The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-location-interface>7.5.3 The <code>Location</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=#security-location>7.5.3.1 Security</a></ol><li><a href=#history-notes>7.5.4 Implementation notes for session history</a>
</ol><li><a href=#browsing-the-web>7.6 Browsing the Web</a><ol><li><a href=#navigating-across-documents>7.6.1 Navigating across documents</a><li><a href=#read-html>7.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files</a><li><a href=#read-xml>7.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files</a><li><a href=#read-text>7.6.4 Page load processing model for text files</a><li><a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace>7.6.5 Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a><li><a href=#read-media>7.6.6 Page load processing model for media</a><li><a href=#read-plugin>7.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a><li><a href=#read-ua-inline>7.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
+ content that doesn't have a DOM</a><li><a href=#scroll-to-fragid>7.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier</a><li><a href=#history-traversal>7.6.10 History traversal</a><ol><li><a href=#the-popstateevent-interface>7.6.10.1 The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-hashchangeevent-interface>7.6.10.2 The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-pagetransitionevent-interface>7.6.10.3 The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#unloading-documents>7.6.11 Unloading documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-beforeunloadevent-interface>7.6.11.1 The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#aborting-a-document-load>7.6.12 Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=#offline>7.7 Offline Web applications</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-11>7.7.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications>7.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a><li><a href=#appcache
events>7.7.1.2 Event summary</a></ol><li><a href=#appcache>7.7.2 Application caches</a><li><a href=#manifests>7.7.3 The cache manifest syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#some-sample-manifests>7.7.3.1 Some sample manifests</a><li><a href=#writing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests</a><li><a href=#parsing-cache-manifests>7.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests</a></ol><li><a href=#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache>7.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache</a><li><a href=#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm>7.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm</a><li><a href=#changesToNetworkingModel>7.7.6 Changes to the networking model</a><li><a href=#expiring-application-caches>7.7.7 Expiring application caches</a><li><a href=#disk-space>7.7.8 Disk space</a><li><a href=#security-concerns-with-offline-applications-caches>7.7.9 Security concerns with offline applications caches</a><li><a href=#application-cache-api>7.7.10 Application cache API</a><li><a href=#
browser-state>7.7.11 Browser state</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-webappapis><a href=#webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=#scripting>8.1 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-12>8.1.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-scripting>8.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting</a><li><a href=#processing-model-8>8.1.3 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-2>8.1.3.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts>8.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts</a><li><a href=#calling-scripts>8.1.3.3 Calling scripts</a><li><a href=#creating-scripts>8.1.3.4 Creating scripts</a><li><a href=#killing-scripts>8.1.3.5 Killing scripts</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors>8.1.3.6 Runtime script errors</a><ol><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-in-documents>8.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents</a><li><a href=#the-errorevent-interface>8.1.3.6.2 The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#event-loops>8.1.4 Event
loops</a><ol><li><a href=#definitions-3>8.1.4.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=#processing-model-9>8.1.4.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=#generic-task-sources>8.1.4.3 Generic task sources</a></ol><li><a href=#events>8.1.5 Events</a><ol><li><a href=#event-handler-attributes>8.1.5.1 Event handlers</a><li><a href=#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects>8.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=#idl-definitions>8.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions</a></ol><li><a href=#event-firing>8.1.5.3 Event firing</a><li><a href=#events-and-the-window-object>8.1.5.4 Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#atob>8.2 Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>8.3 Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=#opening-the-input-stream>8.3.1 Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=#closing-the-input-stream>8.3.2 Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=#document.w
rite()>8.3.3 <code>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=#document.writeln()>8.3.4 <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#timers>8.4 Timers</a><li><a href=#user-prompts>8.5 User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=#simple-dialogs>8.5.1 Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=#printing>8.5.2 Printing</a><li><a href=#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents>8.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents with <code>showModalDialog()</code></a></ol><li><a href=#system-state-and-capabilities>8.6 System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=#the-navigator-object>8.6.1 The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=#client-identification>8.6.1.1 Client identification</a><li><a href=#language-preferences>8.6.1.2 Language preferences</a><li><a href=#custom-handlers>8.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>registerContentHandler()</code> methods</a><ol><li><a href=#security-and-privacy>8.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy
</a><li><a href=#sample-handler-impl>8.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface</a></ol><li><a href=#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex>8.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex</a><li><a href=#plugins-2>8.6.1.5 Plugins</a></ol><li><a href=#the-external-interface>8.6.2 The <code>External</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#images>8.7 Images</a></ol><li id=toc-comms><a href=#comms>9 Communication</a><ol><li><a href=#the-messageevent-interfaces>9.1 The <code>MessageEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#server-sent-events>9.2 Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=#server-sent-events-intro>9.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-eventsource-interface>9.2.2 The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=#processing-model-10>9.2.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=#parsing-an-event-stream>9.2.4 Parsing an event stream</a><li><a href=#event-stream-interpretation>9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream</a><li><a href=#authoring-notes>9.2.6 Authoring notes</a><li><a href=#eventsource-pu
sh>9.2.7 Connectionless push and other features</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-2>9.2.8 Garbage collection</a><li><a href=#implementation-advice>9.2.9 Implementation advice</a><li><a href=#iana-considerations>9.2.10 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/event-stream>9.2.10.1 <code>text/event-stream</code></a><li><a href=#last-event-id>9.2.10.2 <code>Last-Event-ID</code></a></ol></ol><li><a href=#network>9.3 Web sockets</a><ol><li><a href=#network-intro>9.3.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-websocket-interface>9.3.2 The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a><li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol>9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol</a><li><a href=#ping-and-pong-frames>9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames</a><li><a href=#parsing-websocket-urls>9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs</a><li><a href=#the-closeevent-interfaces>9.3.6 The <code>CloseEvent</code> interfaces</a><li><a href=#garbage-collection-3>9.3.7 Garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=#web-messaging>9.4 Cross-document messaging
</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-13>9.4.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#security-postmsg>9.4.2 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#authors>9.4.2.1 Authors</a><li><a href=#user-agents>9.4.2.2 User agents</a></ol><li><a href=#posting-messages>9.4.3 Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=#channel-messaging>9.5 Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-14>9.5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#examples-5>9.5.1.1 Examples</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web>9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</a><li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations>9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=#message-channels>9.5.2 Message channels</a><li><a href=#message-ports>9.5.3 Message ports</a><li><a href=#broadcasting-to-many-ports>9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports</a><li><a href=#ports-and-garbage-collection>9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><
li><a href=#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts>9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li id=toc-workers><a href=#workers>10 Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-15>10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=#scope-2>10.1.1 Scope</a><li><a href=#examples-6>10.1.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=#a-background-number-crunching-worker>10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=#worker-used-for-background-i/o>10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-introduction>10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker>10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=#delegation>10.1.2.5 Delegation</a></ol><li><a href=#tutorials>10.1.3 Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=#shared-workers>10.1.3.3 Shared wo
rkers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#infrastructure-2>10.2 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=#the-global-scope>10.2.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface>10.2.1.1 The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#worker-event-loop>10.2.2 The event loop</a><li><a href="#the-worker's-lifetime">10.2.3 The worker's lifetime</a><li><a href=#processing-model-11>10.2.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-2>10.2.5 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=#creating-workers>10.2.6 Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=#the-abstractworker-abstract-interface>10.2.6.1 The <code>AbstractWorker</code> abstract
interface</a><li><a href=#script-settings-for-workers>10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers</a><li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface>10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface>10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#apis-available-to-workers>10.3 APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=#importing-scripts-and-libraries>10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries</a><li><a href=#the-workernavigator-object>10.3.2 The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> object</a><li><a href=#worker-locations>10.3.3 Worker locations</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-webstorage><a href=#webstorage>11 Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-16>11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#storage>11.2 The API</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storage-interface>11.2.1 The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=#the-sessionstorage-attribute>11.2.2 The <code>sessionStorage<
/code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-localstorage-attribute>11.2.3 The <code>localStorage</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#the-storage-event>11.2.4 The <code>storage</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=#the-storageevent-interface>11.2.4.1 The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=#threads>11.2.5 Threads</a></ol><li><a href=#disk-space-2>11.3 Disk space</a><li><a href=#privacy>11.4 Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=#user-tracking>11.4.1 User tracking</a><li><a href=#sensitivity-of-data>11.4.2 Sensitivity of data</a></ol><li><a href=#security-storage>11.5 Security</a><ol><li><a href=#dns-spoofing-attacks>11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=#cross-directory-attacks>11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks</a><li><a href=#implementation-risks>11.5.3 Implementation risks</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-syntax><a href=#syntax>12 The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing>12.1 Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#the-doctype>12.1.1 The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=#elements-2>12.1.2 E
lements</a><ol><li><a href=#start-tags>12.1.2.1 Start tags</a><li><a href=#end-tags>12.1.2.2 End tags</a><li><a href=#attributes-2>12.1.2.3 Attributes</a><li><a href=#optional-tags>12.1.2.4 Optional tags</a><li><a href=#element-restrictions>12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=#text-2>12.1.3 Text</a><ol><li><a href=#newlines>12.1.3.1 Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=#character-references>12.1.4 Character references</a><li><a href=#cdata-sections>12.1.5 CDATA sections</a><li><a href=#comments>12.1.6 Comments</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing>12.2 Parsing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=#overview-of-the-parsing-model>12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model</a><li><a href=#the-input-byte-stream>12.2.2 The input byte stream</a><ol><li><a href=#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding>12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding</a><li><a hre
f=#determining-the-character-encoding>12.2.2.2 Determining the character encoding</a><li><a href=#character-encodings>12.2.2.3 Character encodings</a><li><a href=#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing>12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing</a><li><a href=#preprocessing-the-input-stream>12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol><li><a href=#parse-state>12.2.3 Parse state</a><ol><li><a href=#the-insertion-mode>12.2.3.1 The insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-stack-of-open-elements>12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements</a><li><a href=#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements</a><li><a href=#the-element-pointers>12.2.3.4 The element pointers</a><li><a href=#other-parsing-state-flags>12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags</a></ol><li><a href=#tokenization>12.2.4 Tokenization</a><ol><li><a href=#data-state>12.2.4.1 Data state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-data-state>12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state</a><li><a href=
#rcdata-state>12.2.4.3 RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-rcdata-state>12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-state>12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state</a><li><a href=#script-data-state>12.2.4.6 Script data state</a><li><a href=#plaintext-state>12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state</a><li><a href=#tag-open-state>12.2.4.8 Tag open state</a><li><a href=#end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.9 End tag open state</a><li><a href=#tag-name-state>12.2.4.10 Tag name state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state</a><li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-l
ess-than-sign-state>12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-state>12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-state>12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state</a><li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end
tag name state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>12.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state>12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state</a><li><a href=#attribute-name-state>12.2.4.35 Attribute name state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-name-state>12.2.4.36 After attribute name state</a><li><a href=#before-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value
-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state</a><li><a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state</a><li><a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state</a><li><a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state</a><li><a href=#bogus-comment-state>12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state</a><li><a href=#markup-declaration-open-state>12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-state>12.2.4.46 Comment start state</a><li><a href=#comment-start-dash-state>12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state</a><li><a href=#comment-state>12.2.4.48 Comment state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-dash-state>12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state</a><
li><a href=#comment-end-state>12.2.4.50 Comment end state</a><li><a href=#comment-end-bang-state>12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state</a><li><a href=#doctype-state>12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#doctype-name-state>12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-name-state>12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=#between-doctype-public-an
d-system-identifiers-state>12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a><li><a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=#bogus-doctype-state>12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=#cdata-section-state>12.2.4.68 CDATA section state</a><li><a href=#tokenizing-character-references>12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references</a></ol><li><a href=#tree-construction>12.2.5 Tree construction</a><ol><li><a href=#creating-and-inserting-nodes>12.2.5.1 Creating a
nd inserting nodes</a><li><a href=#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text>12.2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text</a><li><a href=#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags>12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhtml>12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a><ol><li><a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inhead>12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript>12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inbody>12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incdata>12.2.5.4.8 The "text"
insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intable>12.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intabletext>12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incaption>12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup>12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intbody>12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intr>12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intd>12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselect>12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable>12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-intemplate>12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterbody>12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-inframeset>12.2.5.4.20 The "
in frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset>12.2.5.4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode>12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol><li><a href=#parsing-main-inforeign>12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol><li><a href=#the-end>12.2.6 The end</a><li><a href=#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset>12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a><li><a href=#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser>12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a><ol><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i>12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></a><li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></a><li><a href=#unexpected-markup-in-tables>12.2.8.3 Unexpected marku
p in tables</a><li><a href=#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed>12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a><li><a href=#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents>12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a><li><a href=#unclosed-formatting-elements>12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=#serialising-html-fragments>12.3 Serialising HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-html-fragments>12.4 Parsing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=#named-character-references>12.5 Named character references</a></ol><li id=toc-the-xhtml-syntax><a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>13 The XHTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=#writing-xhtml-documents>13.1 Writing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-documents>13.2 Parsing XHTML documents</a><li><a href=#serialising-xhtml-fragments>13.3 Serialising XHTML fragments</a><li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-fragments>13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ol><li
id=toc-rendering><a href=#rendering>14 Rendering</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-17>14.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints>14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a><li><a href=#non-replaced-elements>14.3 Non-replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#hidden-elements>14.3.1 Hidden elements</a><li><a href=#the-page>14.3.2 The page</a><li><a href=#flow-content-3>14.3.3 Flow content</a><li><a href=#phrasing-content-3>14.3.4 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=#bidi-rendering>14.3.5 Bidirectional text</a><li><a href=#quotes>14.3.6 Quotes</a><li><a href=#sections-and-headings>14.3.7 Sections and headings</a><li><a href=#lists>14.3.8 Lists</a><li><a href=#tables-2>14.3.9 Tables</a><li><a href=#margin-collapsing-quirks>14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks</a><li><a href=#form-controls>14.3.11 Form controls</a><li><a href=#the-hr-element-2>14.3.12 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-fieldset-and-legend-element
s>14.3.13 The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol><li><a href=#replaced-elements>14.4 Replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=#embedded-content-rendering-rules>14.4.1 Embedded content</a><li><a href=#images-2>14.4.2 Images</a><li><a href=#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images>14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images</a><li><a href=#image-maps-2>14.4.4 Image maps</a></ol><li><a href=#bindings>14.5 Bindings</a><ol><li><a href=#introduction-18>14.5.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#the-button-element-2>14.5.2 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-details-element-2>14.5.3 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>14.5.4 The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>14.5.5 The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-range-control>14.5.6 The <code>input</code> eleme
nt as a range control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-colour-well>14.5.7 The <code>input</code> element as a colour well</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets>14.5.8 The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control>14.5.9 The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a><li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-button>14.5.10 The <code>input</code> element as a button</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element>14.5.11 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-meter-element-2>14.5.12 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-progress-element-2>14.5.13 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-select-element-2>14.5.14 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-textarea-element-2>14.5.15 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-keygen-element-2>14.5.16 The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=#fra
mes-and-framesets>14.6 Frames and framesets</a><li><a href=#interactive-media>14.7 Interactive media</a><ol><li><a href=#links,-forms,-and-navigation>14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation</a><li><a href=#the-title-attribute-2>14.7.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=#editing-hosts>14.7.3 Editing hosts</a><li><a href=#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces>14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=#print-media>14.8 Print media</a><li><a href=#unstyled-xml-documents>14.9 Unstyled XML documents</a></ol><li id=toc-obsolete><a href=#obsolete>15 Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=#obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1 Obsolete but conforming features</a><ol><li><a href=#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features>15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=#non-conforming-features>15.2 Non-conforming features</a><li><a href=#requirements-for-implementations>15.3 Requirements for implementations</a><ol><li><a hr
ef=#the-applet-element>15.3.1 The <code>applet</code> element</a><li><a href=#the-marquee-element-2>15.3.2 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=#frames>15.3.3 Frames</a><li><a href=#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis>15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-iana><a href=#iana>16 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=#text/html>16.1 <code>text/html</code></a><li><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>16.2 <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a><li><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>16.3 <code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a><li><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>16.4 <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a><li><a href=#text/cache-manifest>16.5 <code>text/cache-manifest</code></a><li><a href=#text/ping>16.6 <code>text/ping</code></a><li><a href=#application/microdata+json>16.7 <code>application/microdata+json</code></a><li><a href=#ping-from>16.8 <code>Ping-From</code></a><li><a href=#ping-to>16.9 <code>Ping-To</code></a><li>
<a href=#web+-scheme-prefix>16.10 <code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol><li id=toc-index><a href=#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=#elements-3>Elements</a><li><a href=#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=#element-interfaces>Element Interfaces</a><li><a href=#all-interfaces>All Interfaces</a><li><a href=#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=#mime-types-2>MIME Types</a></ol><li id=toc-references><a href=#references>References</a><li id=toc-acknowledgements><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a></ol>
@@ -18455,12 +18458,16 @@
<a href=#space-character id=the-img-element:space-character-9>space characters</a>, and let that be <var>url</var>.<li><p>Let <var>descriptors</var> be a new empty list.<li>
<p>If <var>url</var> ends with a U+002C COMMA character (,),
- remove all trailing U+002C COMMA characters from <var>url</var>;
- if this removed more than one character, that is a <a href=#concept-microsyntax-parse-error id=the-img-element:concept-microsyntax-parse-error-2>parse error</a>.
- Otherwise, <a href=#skip-whitespace id=the-img-element:skip-whitespace>skip whitespace</a> and then follow these substeps:</p>
+ follow these substeps:</p>
- <ol><li><p><i>Descriptor tokeniser</i>: Let <var>current descriptor</var> be the empty string.<li><p>Let <var>state</var> be <i>in descriptor</i>.<li>
+ <ol><li><p>Remove all trailing U+002C COMMA characters from <var>url</var>.
+ If this removed more than one character,
+ that is a <a href=#concept-microsyntax-parse-error id=the-img-element:concept-microsyntax-parse-error-2>parse error</a>.</ol>
+ <p>Otherwise, follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><i>Descriptor tokeniser</i>: <a href=#skip-whitespace id=the-img-element:skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a><li><p>Let <var>current descriptor</var> be the empty string.<li><p>Let <var>state</var> be <i>in descriptor</i>.<li>
+
<p>Let <var>c</var> be the character at <var>position</var>.
Do the following depending on the value of <var>state</var>.
For the purpose of this step, "EOF" is a special character representing
Modified: source
===================================================================
--- source 2014-09-29 21:18:41 UTC (rev 8825)
+++ source 2014-09-30 23:47:29 UTC (rev 8826)
@@ -358,7 +358,10 @@
<div w-nodev w-nosplit id="configUI"></div>
- <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents" w-nosplit>Table of contents</h2>
+ <h2 class="no-num no-toc" w-nosplit>Table of contents</h2>
+ <!--smalltoc-->
+
+ <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents" w-nosplit>Full table of contents</h2>
<!--toc-->
<!--
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